Previous studies have revealed that the glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36)amide is metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) to yield GLP-1(9-36)amide and GLP-1(28-36)amide, respectively, as the principal metabolites. Contrary to the previous notion that GLP-1(7-36)amide metabolites are pharmacologically inactive, recent studi...

one pot solvent less synthesis of amidoalkylnaphthol derivatives via reaction of aldehydes, 2-naphthol and acetamide/urea in the presence of phenylphosphinic acid is  described. this methodology provides a simple synthetic route to amidoalkylnaphthols in good to high yields.

Ferroelectrics based on proton tautomerism are promising in low-field and above-room-temperature operations. Here seven organic ferroelectric crystals are examined to search for efficient switching of strong spontaneous polarization on proton tautomerism. Solution-grown crystals exhibit strong pinning of ferroelectric domain walls, but excellent switching performance is awakened by depinning do...

The conserved pterin dithiolene ligand that coordinates molybdenum (Mo) in the cofactor (Moco) of mononuclear Mo enzymes can exist in both a tricyclic pyranopterin dithiolene form and as a bicyclic pterin-dithiolene form as observed in protein crystal structures of several bacterial molybdoenzymes. Interconversion between the tricyclic and bicyclic forms via pyran scission and cyclization has b...

The title compound, (C(6)H(9)N(2))(2)[CuCl(4)], contains a distorted tetra-hedral [CuCl(4)](2-) anion and two protonated amino-pyridinium cations. The geometries of the protonated amino-pyridinium cations reveal amine-imine tautomerism. The crystal packing is influenced by N-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.635 (4) and 3.642 (4)°].