ABSTRACT In the late 1970s, we discovered that toxic bicyclic phosphates inhibit generation of miniature inhibitory junction potentials, implying their antagonism ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABARs; GABA-gated chloride channels). This unique mode action provided a strong incentive for our research on GABARs in later years. Furthermore, minor structural changes conferred insect GABAR s...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In plants, stress initiates a signal-transduction pathway, in which increased cytosolic Ca2+ activates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase activity and GABA synthesis. Elevated H+ and substrate levels can also st...

Herbal cosmetics are gaining popularity over chemicals for beauty products. However, natural products often prone to deterioration. Therefore, stability and compatibility testing the main examinations of safety reliability herbal cosmetics. Liquid crystal structures provide better application performances than conventional emulsion systems in terms stability, controlled release, moisturizing. R...

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most widely distributed known inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. GABA also serves regulatory and trophic roles in several other organs, including the pancreas. The brain contains two forms of the GABA synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which differ in molecular size, amino acid sequence, antigenicity, cellular and subcellular ...

UNLABELLED Valerian is a medicinal herb that produces anxiolytic and sedative effects. It was suggested that valerian acts via gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic mechanisms. Previous studies showed binding of valerian extract to GABA receptors, but the functional effect of the binding has not been demonstrated. In this study we evaluated the GABAergic effect of valerian extract and one of its ...

background: it has been suggested that organophosphates may inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) metabolism in synaptosomal preparations. in the present investigation, we have assessed the interaction between paraoxon and the gaba system at synaptic level.   methods: synaptosomes were prepared from male wistar rats (200-250 g). cerebral cortex was dissected and homogenized, then centrifuged a...

The functions of neurotransmitters in fetal development are poorly understood. Genetic observations have suggested a role for the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the normal development of the mouse palate. Mice homozygous for mutations in the beta-3 GABAA receptor subunit develop a cleft secondary palate. GABA, the ligand for this receptor, is synthesize...

The genomes of Lactobacillus plantarum strain 90sk and Lactobacillus brevis strain 15f were isolated from human intestinal microbiota. Both strains synthesize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Detailed genome analyses will help to understand the role of GABA in the interaction of bacteria with human intestinal cells.

Because of the high concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei, an attempt was made to enhance GABAergic transmission in patients with cerebellar disease. Maximum tolerated doses of sodium valproate, a drug which inhibits the degradation of GABA, failed to influence cerebellar deficits in a double blind crossover study on six patients.