The purpose of this study was to examine protein expression of renal aquaporins (AQP) and ion transporters in hypothyroid (HT) rats in response to an oral water load compared with controls (CTL) and HT rats replaced with l-thyroxine (HT+T). Hypothyroidism was induced by aminotriazole administration for 10 wk. Body weight, water intake, urine output, solute and urea excretion, and serum and urin...

Macrophages are important components of adipose tissue inflammation, which results in metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. Notably, obesity induces a proinflammatory phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophages, and oxidative stress facilitates this switch. Thus, we examined the role of endogenous catalase, a key regulator of oxidative stress, in the activity of adipose tissue macr...

Endogenous peroxidase activity has been demonstrated in sections of rat liver fixed briefly by glutaraldehyde perfusion and incubated in Graham and Karnovsky's medium for cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase activity (29). In 25-40% of sinusoidal cells, an electron-opaque reaction product is localized in segments of the endoplasmic reticulum, including the perinuclear cisternae, a few Golgi...

The fungal AAL-toxin triggers programmed cell death (PCD) through perturbations of sphingolipid metabolism in AAL-toxin-sensitive plants. While Arabidopsis is relatively insensitive to the toxin, the loh2 mutant exhibits increased susceptibility to AAL-toxin due to the knockout of a gene involved in sphingolipid metabolism. Genetic screening of mutagenized loh2 seeds resulted in the isolation o...

Thiocyanate ion is oxidized at acid pH by hydrogen peroxide to sulfate and cyanide. The reaction is catalyzed in the erythrocyte by hemoglobin acting as a peroxidase (donor: Hz02 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7). Kinetic studies show thiocyanate ion fulfdls criteria for a substrate for the peroxidase. The peroxidase activity is enhanced by haptoglobin and inhibited by azide, aminotriazole, fluoride...

Physical activity induces favourable changes of arterial gene expression and protein activity, although little is known about its effect in venous tissue. Although our understanding of the initiating molecular signals is still incomplete, increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is considered a key event. This study sought to investigate the effects of two different trai...

We have used paired-end sequencing of yeast nucleosomal DNA to obtain accurate genomic maps of nucleosome positions and occupancies in control cells and cells treated with 3-aminotriazole (3AT), an inducer of the transcriptional activator Gcn4. In control cells, 3AT-inducible genes exhibit a series of distinct nucleosome occupancy peaks. However, the underlying position data reveal that each nu...

Several serine proteases are directly cytotoxic. We investigated whether the cytotoxic effects of proteases are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. We found that treatment of lung fibroblasts or bronchial epithelial cells with relatively high concentrations (0.1--100 U/ml) of neutrophil elastase, trypsin, and Pronase increased ROS levels in the mitochondr...

Hypothyroidism is associated with impaired urinary concentrating ability in humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to examine protein expression of renal sodium chloride and urea transporters and aquaporins in hypothyroid rats (HT) with diminished urinary concentration as compared with euthyroid controls (CTL) and hypothyroid rats replaced with L-thyroxine (HT+T). Hypothyroidism was ...

Although hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induces proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, its role in endothelial cell proliferation is unclear. Our aim was to study the role of hydrogen peroxide in endothelial cell proliferation by overexpressing catalase. Human aortic endothelial cells were transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding beta-galactosidase (Adbetagal) or catalase (AdCat) or we...