Dictyostelium cells use extracellular cyclic AMP both as a chemoattractant and as a morphogen inducing cell-type-specific gene expression. Cyclic AMP binds to surface receptors, activates one or more G-proteins, and stimulates adenylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase and phosphoinositidase C. Mutant fgdC showed aberrant chemotaxis, and was devoid of cyclic AMP-induced gene expression and differenti...

Background: Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients. The condition is usually treated with local and systemic antifungal agents. Given the antifungal properties of propolis, it appears this natural resin material can be effective in treating this infection. The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the effect of Iranian propolis with those...

Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a recently discovered bacterial second messenger implicated in the control of cell wall metabolism, osmotic stress responses and sporulation. However, the mechanisms by which c-di-AMP triggers these physiological responses have remained largely unknown. Notably, a candidate riboswitch class called ydaO associates with numerous genes involved in th...

Kidneys metabolize arterial cAMP to adenosine by the sequential actions of ectophosphodiesterase (cAMP --> AMP) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (AMP --> adenosine). In this study, we demonstrated that etheno-AMP (fluorescent AMP analog) is nearly completely converted to etheno-adenosine during a single pass through the isolated, perfused rat kidney indicating that ecto-5'-nucleotidase is not rate limi...

Abstract. Emissions of the potent greenhouse gas perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8, PFC-318, octafluorocyclobutane) into global atmosphere inferred from atmospheric measurements have been increasing sharply since early 2000s. We find that these emissions are highly correlated with production hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22, CHClF2) for feedstock (FS) uses, because almost all HCFC-22 FS is pyroly...

Adelynate cyclases (ACs), which catalyze synthesis of cAMP from ATP and yield pyrophosphate as a by-product, can be classified into four different classes according to their common features: Class I cyclases, related to enterobacterial adenylate cyclases; Class II, toxic adenylate cyclases isolated from bacterial pathogens; Class III, a large and probably ancient class that comprises cyclases f...

Nucleotide signaling networks are key to facilitate alterations in gene expression, protein function, and enzyme activity in response to diverse stimuli. Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is an important secondary messenger molecule produced by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and is involved in regulating a number of physiological processes including potassium transport. S. ...

Initial rate kinetics, product inhibition patterns, and equilibrium kinetics all indicate that cleavage of adenylosuccinate (AMP-S) by yeast adenylosuccinate lyase proceeds primarily by a reaction in which fumarate leaves the enzyme before AMP and cannot bind to free enzyme at kinetically significant concentrations. The alternate path, in which AMP leaves first, could be detected at equilibrium...

Calorimetric titrations of glycogen phosphorylase b (EC 2.4.1.1) from rabbit muscle with its allosteric activator, AMP, have been carried out at 25 “C and pH 6.9 in three different buffer systems (glycylglycine, glycerophosphate, and tris(hydroxymethy1)aminomethane). Calorimetric curves of biphasic nature were originally obtained. This biphasic behavior was always concomitant with: (a) a depen...