Derived varieties were invented by P. Cohn in [4]. Derived varieties of a given type were invented by the authors in [10]. In the paper we deal with the derived variety Vσ of a given variety, by a fixed hypersubstitution σ. We introduce the notion of the dimension of a variety as the cardinality κ of the set of all proper derived varieties of V included in V. We examine dimensions of some varie...

This paper develops a probabilistic reconstruction of the No Miracles Argument (NMA) in the debate between scientific realists and anti-realists. The goal of the paper is to clarify and to sharpen the NMA by means of a probabilistic formalization. In particular, I demonstrate that the persuasive force of the NMA depends on the particular disciplinary context where it is applied, and the stabili...

abstract genre-based approach has been the focus of interest in the teaching of language since the mid1980s. genre is defined in terms of the use of language in conventionalized communicative settings. the present study made an attempt to scrutinize the effects of genre-based pedagogy on iranian pre-intermediate efl leaners' reading comprehension as well as the interaction between their re...

A serotonergic pathway is apparently involved in parasite-host interactions. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory showed increased rates in oxygen consumption and alterations in body posture in the crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus parasitized by the acanthocephalan, Profilicollis antarcticus. Such changes may be related to the functions described for biogenic amines in crustaceans. During th...

We have used immunoelectron microscopy to determine the location of an intermediate chain in the isolated outer arm dynein from Chlamydomonas flagella. When the purified alpha beta dimer of the outer arm was incubated with antibodies recognizing two distinct epitopes on its 69-kDa intermediate chain and then negatively stained and examined by electron microscopy, both antibodies appeared to hav...

As an early step in DNA strand exchange reactions, the recA protein aligns homologous sequences within two DNA molecules to form a putative triple-stranded intermediate. In virtually all models for three-stranded DNA proposed to date, hydrogen bonds involving the N-7 position of guanine have played a prominent structural role. To determine whether the N-7 position of guanine is required for tri...

In robotics, homing can be defined as that behavior, which enables a robot to return to its initial (home) position, after traveling a certain distance along an arbitrary path. Odometry has traditionally been used for the implementation of such a behavior, but it has been shown to be an unreliable source of information. In this work, a novel method for visual homing is proposed, based on a pano...

Model surgery is the classical requirement for fabricating an intermediate splint for bimaxillary surgery. However, several sources of error complicate the conventional manual technique for making an intermediate splint, and it can be difficult to reposition the cast model of the upper jaw in the desired position. Additionally, the manual procedure is time consuming and requires a lot of labora...

During cerebellar development, anchoring centers form at the base of each fissure and remain fixed in place while the rest of the cerebellum grows outward. Cerebellar foliation has been extensively studied; yet, the mechanisms that control anchoring center initiation and position remain insufficiently understood. Here we show that a tri-layer model can predict surface wrinkling as a potential m...

The reductionist/holist debate seems an impoverished one, with many participants appearing to adopt a position first and constructing rationalisations second. Here I propose an intermediate position of pragmatic holism, that irrespective of whether all natural systems are theoretically reducible, for many systems it is completely impractical to attempt such a reduction, also that regardless if ...