Child Labor and Household Wealth: Theory and Empirical Evidence of an Inverted-U Some studies on child labor have shown that greater land wealth leads to higher child labor, thereby casting doubt on the hypothesis that child labor is caused by poverty. This paper argues that the missing ingredient is an explicit modeling of the labor market. We develop a simple model which suggests an inverted-...

This study investigates the relationship between salaries and scholastic aptitude for fulltime public high school humanities and mathematics/sciences teachers. For identification, we rely on variation in salaries between adjacent school districts within the same state. The results indicate that teacher aptitude is positively correlated with teacher salaries with an elasticity point estimate of ...

Organizational commitment, senior management involvement, and team involvement are typically expected to have a positive impact on the achievement of strategic information systems planning (SISP) objectives. That is, more commitment and involvement should produce greater success. However, they might also have a quadratic impact, specifically an inverted-U relationship such that after they reach...

This paper uses an updated and revised panel data set on ambient air pollution in cities worldwide to examine the robustness of the evidence for the existence of an inverted-U-shaped relationship between national income and pollution. We test the sensitivity of the pollution-income relationship to functional forms, to additional covariates, and to changes in the nations, cities, and years sampl...

invert sugar is the result of sucrose of hydrolysis of sucrose by acid or enzyme, that is, the splitting of sucrose molecules into their glucose and fructose components.invert sugar is used in different industries such as; food industry, soft drinks and pharmaceutical, due to its special characteristics such as; sweetness level, moisture ability’s property, crystallization level and special tas...

The neocortex contains orderly topographic maps; however, their functional role remains controversial. Theoretical studies have suggested a role in minimizing computational costs, whereas empirical studies have focused on spatial localization. Using a tactile multiple-choice reaction time (RT) task before and after the induction of perceptual learning through repetitive sensory stimulation, we ...

Abstract—In this paper, the design of a multiband antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications is proposed. The proposed antenna comprises a circular radiating patch with a pair of rectangular slits and an inverted U-shaped slot. A hexagon-shaped slot is cut on the ground plane. By adjusting the inverted U-shaped slot, a pair of rectangular slits, and a hexagon-shaped slot, three distinct resonance ...

In this paper we use a new classification of exchange rate arrangements developed by Reinhart and Rogoff (2002) to test whether reserve holdings decrease with increasing exchange-rate flexibility. Using pooled data for 137 countries over the period 1980-2000, we find several new results. First, the degree of exchange rate flexibility has an inverted-U relationship with the country’s reserve hol...

Past research has widely regarded trust as unconditionally facilitating transaction behavior, and perceived risk as unconditionally detracting from it. This study advocates the necessity to examine trust and perceived risk within the broader perspective of the societal context. We propose the perceived regulatory effectiveness of online marketplaces to moderate the impact of trust on transactio...

Several recent papers propose competing theoretical explanations for the empirical observation of an inverted U-shape relationship between enviromental degradation and per-capita income. We proprose the following test of the theory: calibrate a theoretical model to an already developed economy using information unrelated to the pollution-income curve. Then simulate the model starting from a les...