BACKGROUND The fact that microalgae perform very efficiently photosynthetic conversion of sunlight into chemical energy has moved them into the focus of regenerative fuel research. Especially, biogas generation via anaerobic digestion is economically attractive due to the comparably simple apparative process technology and the theoretical possibility of converting the entire algal biomass to bi...

Using a previously developed filter adsorption technique, the inactivation of a human rotavirus, a coxsackievirus B5, and a bovine parvovirus was monitored during sludge treatment processes. During conventional anaerobic mesophilic digestion at 35 to 36 degrees C, only minor inactivation of all three viruses occurred. The k' values measured were 0.314 log10 unit/day for rotavirus, 0.475 log10 u...

During aerobic growth of Escherichia coli, expression of catabolic enzymes and envelope and periplasmic proteins is regulated by pH. Additional modes of pH regulation were revealed under anaerobiosis. E. coli K-12 strain W3110 was cultured anaerobically in broth medium buffered at pH 5.5 or 8.5 for protein identification on proteomic two-dimensional gels. A total of 32 proteins from anaerobic c...

Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are amitochondriate, microaerophilic protists which use fermentation enzymes like those of bacteria to survive anaerobic conditions within the intestinal lumen. Genes encoding fermentation enzymes and related electron transport peptides (e.g., ferredoxins) in giardia organisms and amebae are hypothesized to be derived from either an ancient anaerobic eu...

BACKGROUND A previously developed mathematical model of low solids thermophilic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (tSSF) with Avicel was unable to predict performance at high solids using a commercial cellulase preparation (Spezyme CP) and the high ethanol yield Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum strain ALK2. The observed hydrolysis proceeded more slowly than predicted at solids...

A study of the aerobic degradation of beet molasses alcoholic fermentation wastewater diluted to 50% (chemical oxygen demand, COD: 82 g/l) was carried out using the following fungi: Penicillium sp., Penicillium decumbens , Penicillium lignorum and Aspergillus niger . These four microorganisms produce a decolorization of the wastewater from the first day of incubation, achieving the maximum deco...

This article proposes a methane production approach through sequenced anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, determines the hydrolysis constants and reaction orders at both low total solid (TS) concentrations and high TS concentrations using the initial rate method, and examines the population growth model and first-order hydrolysis model. The findings indicate that the first-order hydrolysis mo...

the aim of this study was to investigate the fermentation characteristics and cellulolytic enzymes activities of dromedary camels rumen anaerobic fungi in fed with cultivated and pasture forages. hence, the inoculant of rumen anaerobic fungi was prepared by using specific medium and the gas production, digestibility and enzyme activity of rumen fungi were determined on the basis of a 2 × 2 fact...

Fermentation is the most time consuming step in the production of beer and therefore the effective use of fermentation vessels is a crucial element in brewing economy. One means of increasing the productivity of a batch process is to convert it to a continuous one. Experiments in continuous fermentation emerged during the 1950s and 1960s, but by the end of 1970s most of them had been closed dow...

Sludge is a typical solid waste of sewage treatment plants, and its disposal methods have attracted much attention. This paper summarized the current technical routes for sludge in China, including anaerobic digestion, fermentation, incineration, landfill, land utilization, building materials utilization. In context energy saving carbon reduction promotion resource recovery, enhanced pretreatme...