The conventional wisdom is that the concept of information is closely related to the concept of probability. In Shannon's information theory, information is equated to a reduction in entropy—a probabilistic concept. In this paper, a different view of information is put on the table. Information is equated to restriction. More concretely, a restriction is a limitation on the values which a varia...

As in most industrialized countries, sex ratios in the Soviet Union revealed little evidence of son preference: sex ratios at birth fluctuated around the biological norm of 1.05 males to females in the western republics as well as in the more traditional, less industrialized republics in Central Asia and the Caucasus. This is as expected in light of the Soviet state’s longstanding efforts to pr...

Brucellosis is one of the most common and widely spread zoonotic diseases in the world. Control of the disease in humans is dependent upon limiting the infection in animals through surveillance and vaccination. Given the dramatic economic and political changes that have taken place in the former Soviet Union, which have limited control, evaluating the status of human brucellosis in former Sovie...

Metacheyletia degenerata Fain and Bochkov, 2003 (Acariformes: Cheyletidae) is recorded for the first time from the quills of the European Bee-eater Merops apiaster L., 1758 (Coraciformes: Meropidae). It is also the first record of Metacheyletia found on coraciiform birds. Moreover, the following localities: Macedonia, Italy, Azerbaijan, Russia and Tanzania, are new for M. degenerata.

We calculate the strong coupling constants gP P ∗π, where P ∗∗ (D∗∗, B∗∗) is the 1+ p-wave state, in the framework of the light cone QCD sum rules, and using these values of gP P ∗π, we compute the hadronic decay widths for D ∗∗ → D∗ π and B∗∗ → B∗ π. ∗Permanent address: Institute of Physics, Azerbaijanian Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan

AIM To correct the misclassification in registered gastric cancer incidence across Iranian provinces in cancer registry data. METHODS Gastric cancer data is extracted from Iranian annual of national cancer registration report 2008. A Bayesian method with beta prior is implemented to estimate the rate of misclassification in registering patient's permanent residence in neighboring province. Ea...

I. Mahdavi, Department of Industrial Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol, Iran M. M. Paydar, Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran M. Solimanpur, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran M. Saidi-Mehrabad, Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science...