T history of automobiles is inextricable from the story of one of the most pervasive toxic chemical exposures in modern human history. Globally, billions of people were poisoned by lead (Pb) between 1921, when General Motors Corporation introduced tetraethyl lead as an antiknock agent in gasoline-powered cars, until 2015, when leaded gasoline was scheduled to be phased out in Algeria, the last ...

Four new or updated epidemiologic studies were presented at a meeting on the health effects of gasoline exposure held in Miami, Florida, November 5-8, 1991. A focus of these studies was whether there is a relationship between gasoline exposure and kidney cancer and leukemia. For gasoline distribution workers, who have a relatively high exposure, there was some evidence for a kidney cancer relat...

  in order to measure the conentration of lead in air of six Kerman gasoline stations,10 air samples were collected from each between 8:30-12:30 a.m. and then analyzed .lead conentration was  determined by atomic absorption spectrometers.the maximum and minimum of lead conentration were 0.833mg/m3 and 0.41mg/m3 in Khorshid and shahab gasoline stations,respectively.all of the samples were compa...

Contamination of water resources with petroleum products is a serious environmental problem. The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of using raw and heat activated red mud (RM) as adsorbent to remove insoluble fraction of gasoline from aqueous solution. Some parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration were optimized in adsorption process to...

Since 1970, vehicle’s exhaust pollutions have received increasing attention as a source of air pollution at both local (human health concerns) and global (global warming) scales. This study mainly discusses diesel and gasoline vehicles because, today, over 90% of vehicles on the road use gasoline and diesel fuels. The major concerns of gasoline exhaust contaminants are carbon monoxide (CO), hyd...

The addition of ethanol into gasoline has long been a method to help the hydrocarbons of gasoline burn smoother in an internal combustion engine by adding oxygen into the fuel. Gas stations list ethanol content in gasoline can be up to 10% ethanol but no more than 10% ethanol. By using the methods of standard addition, using known concentrations and volumes of spikes of ethanol into the gasolin...

Online appendix figure I shows the dynamics of the effect of a change in the price of regular gasoline on the share of gasoline that is regular grade. The plot shows that a permanent increase in the regular price would increase the share of regular gasoline for at least six months. Online appendix figure II shows the distribution across households of the correlation between buying regular gasol...

Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process is a vital unit to produce gasoline. In this research, a feed forward ANN model was developed and trained with industrial data to investigate the effect of operating variables containing reactor temperature feed flow rate, the temperature of the top of the main column and the temperature of the bottom of the debutanizer tower on quality and quantity of...

Increasing numbers of young women are employed as gasoline station attendants in most developing countries despite the lack of empirical data on the adverse reproductive health effect of this solvent. This study therefore sought to assess the effects of gasoline inhalation on the serum sex hormone profile and menstrual characteristics of female gasoline station attendants in Nigeria, given the ...

Ethanol use in vehicle fuel is increasing worldwide, but the potential cancer risk and ozone-related health consequences of a large-scale conversion from gasoline to ethanol have not been examined. Here, a nested global-through-urban air pollution/weather forecast model is combined with high-resolution future emission inventories, population data, and health effects data to examine the effect o...