The choice of reference for the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a long-lasting unsolved issue resulting in inconsistent usages and endless debates. Currently, both the average reference (AR) and the reference electrode standardization technique (REST) are two primary, apparently irreconcilable contenders. We propose a theoretical framework to resolve this reference issue by formulating both a) es...

In this paper, the eigenmode linear superposition (ELS) method based on the regularization is used to discuss the distributions of all eigenmodes and the role of their instability to the intensity and structure change in TC-like vortex. Results show that the regularization approach can overcome the ill-posed problem occurring in solving mode weight coefficients as the ELS method are applied to ...

Ethiopian agriculture and Nile River flows are heavily dependent upon the Kiremt season (June– September) precipitation in the upper Blue Nile basin, as a means of rain-fed irrigation and streamflow contribution, respectively. Climate diagnostics suggest that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon is a main driver of interannual variability of seasonal precipitation in the basin. One-seaso...

This paper provides a new methodology for estimating the term structure of corporate debt using a semiparametric penalized spline model. The method is applied to a case study of AT&T bonds. Typically, very little data is available on individual corporate bond prices, too little to find a nonparametric estimate of term structure from these bonds alone. This problem is solved by “borrowing streng...

We consider the problem of ingesting scattered, noisy, heterogeneous data into an imperfect, evolving mathematical model for the purpose of prediction of a dynamical system. In particular we consider models which perform a three or four dimensional data assimilation using variational/statistical methods. This paper is written with global scale medium range numerical weather prediction models in...

For the simple problem of estimatinga vector x 0 from a noisy data vector y = Bx 0 +e where B is a known ill-conditioned mn matrix and e is an unknown`white noise' vector, a classical regularized solution, say x() where > 0 is the regularization parameter, can be satisfactory provided is well chosen. Standard data-based methods for choosing (like generalized cross-validation, or GCV) are known ...

The study of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antiviral drug resistance has enhanced knowledge of the virological targets and the mechanisms of antiviral activity. The currently approved drugs, ganciclovir (GCV), foscarnet (FOS), and cidofovir (CDV), target the viral DNA polymerase. The widespread use of ganciclovir (GCV) to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immuno-suppressed patients has l...

background: cytomegalovirus (cmv), a problematic virus in solid organ transplant recipients (sotr) such as liver, can worsen overall mortality and transplant outcome, so its prevention and treatment is a key of success in such patients. this study is aimed to compare the efficacy of ganciclovir (gcv) and valganciclovir (vgc) for prevention and treatment of infection with cmv. materials and meth...