Spring temperature increases could differentially affect flowering times and pollinator flight periods, leading to asynchrony and reduced pollination. A specialist orchid-bee study combining herbarium, museum and field data shows that bee flight dates are advancing faster than orchid flowering, which could lead to significant future uncoupling.

They were mostly lost to space early in Mars’s history, processes driven by the Sun’s UV photons and solar wind after Mars its magnetic field.

Iterated games, in which the same economic interaction is repeatedly played between the same agents, are an important framework for understanding the effectiveness of strategic choices over time. To date very little work has applied information theory to the information sets used by agents in order to decide what action to take next in such strategic situations. This article looks at the mutual...

I study two-player undiscounted repeated games with imperfect private monitoring. When strategies are restricted to those implementable by finite automata, fewer equilibrium outcomes are possible. When only two-state automata are allowed, a simple strategy, “Win-Stay, Lose-Shift,” leads to cooperation. WSLS has the nice property that it is able to endogenously recoordinate back to cooperation a...

Traditionally, users in clouds are assumed to be willing to store and share files in clouds, where the security and efficiency issues are discussed. However, few studies involve the incentives to share files in clouds. In this paper, we delve into users' incentives for using the cloud system to store and share their files towards the view of game theory. More specifically, the process of file s...

The ability of honey bees, Apis mellifra, to avoid returns to locations recently depleted of sugar solution (win-shift) or to return to locations recently depleted of sugar solution (win-stay) was tested. Bees collected sugar solution from a small matrix of six cells. During each of a series of trials, they first visited a randomly ‘determined set of three cells. They were then allowed to freel...