Thunderstorms associated with severe gusty winds and lightening cause loss of life and property even though they last for an hour or so. Forecasting of these severe weather events is highly essential due to their impact on socioeconomic conditions of affected regions. Kharagpur (22°30′ N, 87°20′ E) is in the region of Gangetic West Bengal (GWB) affected by high frequency of occurrence of thunde...

Sea fog is frequently observed over the Yellow Sea, with an average of 50 fog days on the Chinese coast during April–July. The Yellow Sea fog season is characterized by an abrupt onset in April in the southern coast of Shandong Peninsula and an abrupt, basin-wide termination in August. This study investigates the mechanisms for such steplike evolution that is inexplicable from the gradual chang...

introduction coastal sand dunes are  important morphological forms in caspian coastal regions. these dunes are formed and developed under the influence of sediment influx, climate, impact of wind, waves, currents. these are parallel to the coastal characterisitics with enough space for expansion. the whole collection of these parameters are available in many coastal areas of the caspian sea , b...

Why are the east sides of formerly industrial cities often more deprived? Using individual-level census data together with newly created historical pollution patterns derived from locations 5,000 chimneys and an atmospheric model, we show that this results persistence neighborhood sorting ?rst emerged during Industrial Revolution when prevailing winds blew eastwards. Past explains up to 20% obs...

Life in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica, is dominated by microorganisms, with cyanobacteria being key primary producers in the region. Despite their abundance and ecological importance, the factors controlling biogeography, diversity, dispersal of cyanobacteria in Taylor Valley and other polar environments are poorly understood. Owing to persistent high winds, we hypothesize that the cyanobacteri...

Volume 1, The Earth system: physical and chemical dimensions of global environmental change, pp 557–579 Ocean circulation is one of the major elements of climate, moving heat, freshwater, nutrients and dissolved gases. Ocean circulation at the largest spatial scales and long time scales contains many elements that are in common in the different oceans. Understanding the processes that drive the...