parasitic diseases are harmful and limiting factors in breeding and rearing ornamental fish industry. in this study, 400 apparently healthy ornamental fishes from five species (each species 80 specimens) including: goldfish (carassius auratus), guppy (poecilia reticulate), angelfish (pterophyllum scalare), discus (symphsodon discus) and sailfin mollies (poecilia latipinna) was obtained from a l...

the freshwater angel fish (pterophyllum scalare schultze, 1823) is south american cichlid become very popular among aquarists. there is little information on their culture and aquarium husbandry. in this study growth performance and survival rate of angelfish subjected to different feeding frequencies were evaluated. four groups of angel fish juveniles (0.87 ± 0.01 g; 3.98 ± 0.08 mm) were fed e...

Adults, infants and non-human primates are thought to possess similar non-verbal numerical systems, but there is considerable debate regarding whether all vertebrates share the same numerical abilities. Despite an abundance of studies, cross-species comparison remains difficult because the methodology employed and the context of species examination vary considerably across studies. To fill this...

The freshwater angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare Schultze, 1823) is South American cichlid become very popular among aquarists. There is little information on their culture and aquarium husbandry. In this study growth performance and survival rate of angelfish subjected to different feeding frequencies were evaluated. Four groups of angel fish juveniles (0.87 ± 0.01 g; 3.98 ± 0.08 mm) were fed e...

Intracellular movement of vesiculated pigment granules in angelfish melanophores is regulated by a signalling pathway that triggers kinesin and dyneinlike microtubule motor proteins. We have tested the relative importance of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) vs cAMP ([cAMP]i) in the control of such motility by adrenergic agonists, using fluorescence ratio imaging and many ways to artificially stimul...

It is widely accepted that if well managed, the marine aquarium trade could provide socio-economic stability to local communities while incentivising the maintenance of coral reefs. However, the trade has also been implicated as having potentially widespread environmental impacts that has in part driven developments in aquaculture to relieve wild collection pressures. This study investigates th...

The presence or absence of teeth on the vomer and palatoquadrate bones has a long history in fish systematics. Dentition of these bones is often consistent across families, and is often included in keys to families and family diagnoses. The angelfish family Pomacanthidae has been almost consistently diagnosed as lacking both vomerine and palatine teeth (e.g., Günther 1860; Day 1875; Jordan & Fo...