INTRODUCTION Ionophore antibiotics are widely used in veterinary medicine as anticoccidial drugs for poultry and as growth promoters for farm animals. The ionophores, despite their utility, possess a narrow range of safety; several species (horses in particular) appear highly susceptible to the toxic effects of these compounds, compared to other animal species. Thin layer chromatography method ...

NetB (necrotic enteritis toxin B) is a recently identified β-pore-forming toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens. This toxin has been shown to play a major role in avian necrotic enteritis. In recent years, a dramatic increase in necrotic enteritis has been observed, especially in countries where the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal feedstuffs has been banned. The aim of this ...

Livestock performance and feed efficiency are closely interrelated with the qualitative and quantitative microbial load of the animal gut, the morphological structure of the intestinal wall and the activity of the immune system. Antimicrobial growth promoters have made a tremendous contribution to profitability in intensive husbandry, but as a consequence of the increasing concern about the pot...

-promoters include control of zoonotic pathogens i. Antibiotic growth promoters enhance the efficiency of nutrient resistance in pathogenic bacteria and it has -promoters imposes a selection pressure for bacteria that are resistant to continued use of antimicrobial

Biotechnological advances in animal health and nutrition continue to play a significant role the improvement of health, growth, production performance. These biotechnological advancements, especially use direct-fed microbials, also termed probiotics, those genetically modified otherwise, have minimized many challenges facing livestock around world. Such advancements result healthy animals produ...

Propionic acid (PA) is a fungicide and bactericide, registered to control fungi and bacteria in stored grains, hay, grain storage areas, poultry litter, and drinking water for livestock and poultry. European Union (EU) certifies PA as the great of grain preserver and most efficient in controlling Salmonella and other pathogens. Recently it is used as feed additive in poultry and non-ruminant pr...

Essential oils (EOs) are important aromatic components of herbs and spices and their biological activities have been known and utilised since ancient times in perfumery, food preservation, flavouring, and medicine. Some of their biological activities include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects amongst others. EOs have received attention in recent years as poten...

The goal of periodontal therapy is to protect and maintain the patient’s natural dentition for his or her lifetime. More specifically, after periodontal regenerative surgery, the aim is to achieve complete wound healing and regeneration of the periodontal unit. A recent innovation in dentistry is the preparation and use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a concentrated suspension of the growth fact...

The seven rRNA operons in Escherichia coli each contain two promoters, rrn P1 and rrn P2. Most previous studies have focused on the rrn P1 promoters. Here we report a systematic analysis of the activity and regulation of the rrnB P2 promoter in order to define the intrinsic properties of rrn P2 promoters and to understand better their contributions to rRNA synthesis when they are in their natur...