Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation. Observed neuropathologies associated with FXS include abnormal length, morphology, and density of dendritic spines, reported in individuals with FXS and in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice, an animal model of FXS. To date, however, these neuropathologies have been studied in Fmr1 KO mice bred in a FVB background (a strain ...

In vitro grown callus cultures of Ipomoea batatas were exposed to flame treatment and electromagnetic radiations generated by mobile phone. The cultured tissues responded the treatments as evidenced significant reduction phenolic contents compared controls. Even though growth was normal, there a change in content tissues. There exhibited not much variation among regarding rate. morphology textu...

UNLABELLED Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is one of the most intensively researched medical issues. Pre-clinical studies in a large-animal model, especially in swine or miniature pigs, are highly relevant to human applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated and expanded from different sources. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at isolating and characterizing, for the first ...

Insight into the origin and early evolution of the animal phyla requires an understanding of how animal groups are related to one another. Thus, we set out to explore animal phylogeny by analyzing with maximum parsimony 138 morphological characters from 40 metazoan groups, and 304 18S rDNA sequences, both separately and together. Both types of data agree that arthropods are not closely related ...

Several animal studies have shown that both the epilepsy itself and many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) affect reproductive endocrine function in both males and females. Epileptic activity may lead to arrested ovarian cyclicity, anovulatory cycles, polycystic ovaries, and endocrine changes in female animals. In males, seizures disturb normal reproductive physiology by inducing endocrine changes, al...

The metabolic enhancer piracetam is used in many countries to treat cognitive impairment in aging, brain injuries, as well as dementia such as AD (Alzheimer's disease). As a specific feature of piracetam, beneficial effects are usually associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In previous studies we were able to show that piracetam enhanced ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential as w...

The objective of this work was to determine the frequency bacteriospermia and its effect on seminal quality in canines. Dogs were divided into two groups according weight: small dogs between 1 10 kg (Group 1) with more than 2). foreskin disinfected each animal (n=15), semen sample collected by gloved hand method. Sperm motility, morphology, viability, concentration evaluated using a 40x microsc...

Microglia are the primary immune cell in the brain and are postulated to play important roles outside of immunity. Administration of the dual colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)/c-Kit kinase inhibitor, PLX3397, to adult mice results in the elimination of ~99% of microglia, which remain eliminated for as long as treatment continues. Upon removal of the inhibitor, microglia rapidly repop...

BACKGROUND In cosmetic science, noninvasive sampling of the upper part of the stratum corneum is conveniently performed using strippings with adhesive-coated discs (SACD) and cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings (CSSSs). METHODS Under controlled conditions, it is possible to scrutinize SACD and CSSS with objectivity using appropriate methods of analytical morphology. These procedures apply t...

BACKGROUND: In the present study, the submandibularsalivary gland microscopic morphology of the adult Africangiant pouched rat was investigated. This study was carried out toprovide the basic histology of this organ in the giant pouched rat,to accompany the dearth of information of its microscopicarchitecture in the available literature. This becomes of evenhigher importance when considering th...