the microstructure of hp stainless steel in aged and aged + solution annealed conditions and solutionized alloy 800 was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (sem), and transmission electron microscopy (tem) equipped by eds. all phases present in the above condition were described. the effects of solution annealing heat treatment temperature on the microstructure, te...

Ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymer 70/30 thin films are prepared by spin coating. The crystalline structure of these films is investigated by varying the annealing temperature from the ferroelectric phase to the paraelectric phase. A hot plate was used to produce a direct and an efficient annealing effect on the thin film. The dielectric, ferroelec...

The effect of annealing temperature (1000-1150 °C) on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion behavior of a newly developed novel lean duplex stainless steel with 20.53Cr-3.45Mn-2.08Ni-0.17N-0.31Mo was studied by means of optical metallographic microscopy (OMM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), scanning Kelvin probe force mi...

Invar36 thin films with various thicknesses from 200 Åto 1400Åare deposited on glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering technique. After deposition, the samples are annealed in vacuum ambient (10−5mbar) upto 500◦C. Electrical properties of as-deposited as well as annealed films are analyzed with respect to thickness and annealing temperature. In situ measurement of sheet resistance of films ...

Amorphous Si (a-Si) films with metal silicide are expected to enhance the absorption ability of pure a-Si films. In this present study, NiSi (20 nm)/Si (40 nm) and AlSi (20 nm)/Si (40 nm) bilayer thin films are deposited through radio frequency (RF) sputtering at room temperature. The influence of the film's composition and the annealing temperature on the film's optical absorption is investiga...

Excimer laser annealing studies were conducted of SrBi2Ta2O9, Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 and CeMnO3 thin films. The main incentive was to develop a low temperature process for SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films, which typically require a 750 C anneal to crystallize and achieve optimum ferroelectric properties. The results show that room temperature laser annealing can crystallize SrBi2Ta2O9, with a strong (200) preferr...

Channeling and transmission electron microscopy have been used to investigate the parameters that govern the extent of damage in ion-implanted GaAs and the crystal quality following capless furnace annealing at low temperature ( -400 •q. The implantation-induced disorder showed a strong dependence on the implanted ion mass and on the substrate temperature during implantation. When the implantat...

Touchdown (TD) PCR represents a versatile one-step procedure for optimizing PCRs even if the degree of primer-template complementarity is not fully known. The protocol relies on incremental annealing temperature decreases in progressive cycles designed to bracket the melting temperature (Tm) of the reaction. Here we investigate the characteristics of TD PCR that serve to minimize the need to op...

Spherical granules of the superionic conductor β/β́ LiZr2(PO4)3 in the range of sub 100 nm sizewere synthesizedvia freeze drying methodand fully reviewed in all aspects. Samples were characterized by the X-ray diffractometry (XRD), the Thermal analysis (TG, DSC), theFourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Their structuredepends largely on the me...