Sediment stratigraphy and diatom succession were studied in an 80.5-cm core taken from the deepest part of Third Sister Lake, a small kettle hole in a recently urbanized landscape of southeastern Michigan. Alternating light clay and dark organic bands documented sporadic inputs of clay from outside the basin during rain events, rather than annual laminations. Urban construction activity also di...

Mangrove forests of a single trees species, Avicennia marina subsp. australasica are widespread in the upper North Island of New Zealand, but there is little available information on the diversity of epiphytes such as lichens within them. A survey of 200 trees from 20 mangrove sites recorded a total of 106 lichen species from 45 genera. Two of these species are considered to be 'Threatened', fi...

Abstract. A stochastic deep convection parameterization is implemented into the US Department of Energy (DOE) Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere version 1.0 (EAMv1). This study evaluates its performance in simulating precipitation. Compared to default model, probability distribution function (PDF) rainfall intensity new simulation greatly improved. The well-known problem “too much li...

[1] Much of the discussion on climate change and water in the western United States centers on decreased snowpack and earlier spring runoff. Although increasing variability in annual flows has been noted, the nature of those changes is largely unexplored. We tested for trends in the distribution of annual runoff using quantile regression at 43 gages in the Pacific Northwest. Seventy-two percent...

[1] In this paper, we analyzed 3 years of carbon flux data from continuous eddy covariance measurements to investigate how soil moisture, rain pulses, and growth alter the response of ecosystem respiration to temperature. The data were acquired over an annual grassland and from the grass understory of an oak/grass savanna ecosystem in California. We observed that ecosystem respiration was an ex...

The Federal District is a politically and economically important part of Brazil, which suffers from water stress. Exploratory analyzes were conducted using data on rainfall in the Federal District from the monthly precipitation time series to assess the rainfall variability in January, a month that falls in the middle of the rainy season in the region. A time series of 30 years (1981–2010), rec...

O f all ecosystems in tropical America, seasonally dry forests, patchily distributed where relatively fertile soils, annual rainfall 1,600 mm, and strong seasonal drought coincide, are perhaps the least understood and most endangered (1, 2). Mesoamerican dry forest diversity peaks in southwest Mexico, where up to 16% of tree species are local endemics (3). Judith Becerra, in this issue of PNAS ...

Boasting over 200 attendees from around the globe, the International Society of Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR) concluded its 13th annual conference in Porto, Portugal in October. Although light rain early in the week ostensibly ensured that attendees would remain inside the stunning São Bento da Vitória Monastery, better weather would later indicate the conditions had nothing to do with it...