In all aquatic molluscs examined (Anodonta—Picken, 1937; Haliotis—Harrison, 1962; Octopus—Potts & Martin, 1963), blood is filtered through the wall of the heart (or branchial heart appendages in Octopus) into the pericardium. The pericardial fluid passes to the kidney, where secretion and reabsorption modify it to form the final urine. In the terrestrial pulmonates, however (Achatina—Martin, Ha...

Hybrid matings between the sexual species Poeciliopsis monacha and Poeciliopsis lucida produced a series of diploid all-female lineages of P. monacha-lucida that inhabit the Río Fuerte of northwestern Mexico. Restriction site analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clearly revealed that P. monacha was the maternal ancestor of these hybrids. The high level of mtDNA diversity in P. monacha was mirr...

In Hungary Navicula jakovljevicii was fi rstly recorded in biofi lm of Elodea nuttallii in 2005 in an oxbow of the catchment area of the River Danube. Subsequently, in 2006, N. jakovljevicii was also found in the same oxbow on reed stems as well. In the following years it appeared in another oxbow, suggesting an expanding distribution in the tributaries of the Danube in Hungary. The Hungarian p...

The freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana is native to China and widely distributed in Asia, Europe, North America. However, natural populations of A. have dramatically declined recently. Several fish species been used as potential hosts breeding programs; nonetheless, the optimal host yet be identified. In this study, we examined suitability five (bighead carp, common crucian yellow catfish, ti...

Plastic has become one of the most prominent contaminants in recent decades, posing a major environmental threat with critical implications for seafood safety. Thus, we investigated abundance and characterization microplastics (MPs) sediment bivalves from Çıldır Lake, Almus Dam Kartalkaya Lake Turkey. The MPs ranged 19-156 MP kg$^{-1}$ sediments, while 0.75-10.0 individual$^{-1}$ (indiv.$^{-1}$...

Fossil blister pearls attached to the shells of an Anodonta mollusk from China, early Early Pleistocene, are reported here for the first time. The pearls were investigated in detail using a variety of methods. Micro-CT scanning of the fossil pearls was carried out to discover the inner structure and the pearl nucleus. Using CTAn software, changes in the gray levels of the biggest pearl, which r...

In many taxa females appear to base their mate choice on multiple traits. But the relative importance of different traits in mate choice has rarely been determined. Here we show that females of a freshwater fish, the European bitterling, Rhodeus sericeus, base their mate choice on multiple traits that differ in their reliability as indicators of expected reproductive success and are used at dif...