the examination and explanation of swinburne’s view about the “problem of evil” and his response to it, is the main approach of this paper. in his viewpoint, in contrast with this idea, we should appeal to “theory of theodicy”. his understanding of theodicy depends on “the greater goods” and according to which evils are necessary for attaining greater goods. moreover, in this paper we'll t...

In the recent century,Tehran has been confronted with urban sprawl and rapid population growth that have caused urban landscape transformation, whichis different in various parts of Tehran based on specific economic, cultural and social situations. What is important in this essay is the human perception of their landscape in this process of transformation; therefore, the purpose is analyzing la...

The matter of meaning in place, is one of the main qualities of human life. People consciously or unconsciously looking for meanings in places. The importance of finding the meaning of place is that, Understanding the meaning will lead to “act” in place. Finding the place friendly, or finding it insecure will lead to act differently. Now the question is that, is the meaning of place, something ...

In a previous paper (Olling 1995) a method was developed to determine the shapes of dark matter halos of spiral galaxies from an accurate determination of the rotation curve, the flaring of the gas layer and the velocity dispersion in the H I . Here I report the results for the almost edge-on Scd galaxy NGC 4244 (Olling 1996a, 1996b). The observed flaring of the H I beyond the optical disk puts...

Taking a clue from the pair of HI supershells found in the Scd galaxy NGC 3556 (M 108), we propose a new mechanism for the origin of HI supershells in gas-rich massive galaxies. In this scenario, the two supershells were inflated out of the neutral hydrogen disk due to the localised flaring of a pair of radio lobes formed by the jets ejected from the nucleus during an active phase about ∼ 107 y...

We demonstrate the feasibility of uncovering supermassive black holes in late-type, “quiescent” spiral galaxies by detecting signs of very low-level nuclear activity. We use a combination of x-ray selection and multi-wavelength follow-up. Here, we apply this technique to NGC 3184 and NGC 5457, both of type Scd, and show that strong arguments can be made that both host AGNs.