IMPORTANCE Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) autoimmune encephalitis is an increasingly recognized cause of limbic encephalitis (LE). Prolonged LE and limbic status epilepticus (LSE) share many features. The ability to distinguish between the two is crucial in directing appropriate therapy because of the potential iatrogenesis associated with immunosuppression and anesthetic-induc...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the difference between anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody-positive encephalitis and anti-glutamate receptor (GluR) antibody-positive encephalitis. OBJECTIVES To characterize anti-GluR antibody-positive encephalitis. METHODS We report a 33-year-old man with nonparaneoplastic anti-GluR ∊2, ζ1 and δ2 antibody-positive and anti-NMDAR antibody-ne...

We report the case of a young woman with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, without tumor, who was successfully treated with rituximab. Because conventional immunotherapy, including corticosteroids, immunoglobulin (IVIg), and plasma exchange showed little improvement in our patient, we introduced another treatment using rituximab. A week after the first administration of r...

Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common and best described of autoimmune syndromes associated with neuronal cell surface or synaptic autoantibodies. It typically characterised by a progressive clinical course involving confusion, psychosis, seizures, dysautonomia altered consciousness has increasingly been diagnostic consideration for clinicians given gre...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is potentially lethal, but it is also a treatable autoimmune disorder characterized by prominent psychiatric and neurologic symptoms. It is often accompanied with teratoma or other neoplasm, especially in female patients. Anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum are characteristic features of the disease, thereby sugges...

Dear Editor, Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of autoimmune encephalitis involving anti-NMDAR antibodies, which is specific to the NR1/NR2 heteromers of the NMDAR.1 To the best of our knowledge, herein we report the first case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A 33-year-old woman presented to our hospital with co...

Since its discovery in 2007, the encephalitis associated with antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has entered the mainstream of neurology and other disciplines. Most patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis develop a multistage illness that progresses from psychosis, memory deficits, seizures, and language disintegration into a state of unresponsiveness with catatonic feat...

Encephalitis associated with autoantibodies directed against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is usually a paraneoplastic syndrome that presents in young females with ovarian teratomas. We report a case of a previously healthy 14-year-old girl with sudden-onset paranoia, hallucinations, hyperactivity, increased speech, decreased sleep, seizures, and violent behavior deteriorating to ca...