We investigated the transcriptional regulation of secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators by human colonic circular smooth muscle cells (HCCSMC) in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Gene chip array analysis indicated that HCCSMC express a specific panel of 11 cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules in a time-dependent manner in response to TNF-alpha. The chip a...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a multifunctional cytokine that has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, cachexia, and septic shock. Although TNF-alpha is mainly produced by macrophages, there is evidence regarding TNF-alpha production by cells that are not derived from bone marrow. TNF-alpha production by normal and inflamed human liver was assessed at both mRNA an...

Many species of tea (Camellia sinensis) and cowslip (Echium amoenum) are used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to conduct the survey on the ability of Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts on secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by non-infected and infected mouse macrophages. A macrophage infection model with Legionella pneumophila and enzyme linked im...

background: immune system disturbances have an important role in endometriosis which may lead to infertility. it seems that inflammatory cytokines specially tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-) which were produced by activated macrophages have an important role in pathology of endometriosis. based on this theory, anti tnf- drugs like pentoxifylline (px) are suggested as new drugs for endometrio...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) contributes to the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and has been a target for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. Shikonins, the naphthoquinone pigments present in the root tissues of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. (Boraginaceae), have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in ...

objective: diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the most widespread chronic metabolic diseases. in most cases, this type of diabetes is associated with alterations in levels of some inflammatory cytokines and hormones. considering anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin c) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin e), anti-diabetic properties of these two well-known anti...

Bikunin, a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in protection against cancer and inflammation. To investigate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition, we analyzed the effect of bikunin on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in human peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory inducer. Here, we show the fol...

We investigated the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in human peripheral monocytes infected with Legionella pneumophila in vitro. Exogenous TNF-alpha significantly inhibited the intracellular multiplication of the bacterium. This effect was concentration and time dependent and was abrogated by anti-TNF antibodies. TNF-alpha levels in the culture supernatants were low but were enh...

IL-10, a cytokine with important anti-inflammatory properties, is generated within the CNS during neuroinflammation. The mechanism for its production is poorly understood. Since infiltrating lymphocytes come into close proximity with the macrophage-like cells of the CNS, the microglia, we have used an in vitro human microglia-T cell coculture system to address the mechanisms of IL-10 production...