BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate serum iron concentration and influence of this element on biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients affected by chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). MATERIAL/METHODS Serum iron (SI) concentration and plasma parameters of oxidant-antioxidant balance (i.e., malonyldialdehyde [MDA], uric acid [UA] concentration, and total antioxidant capacity [TAC...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play cytoprotective activities under pathological conditions through the initiation of protein folding, repair, refolding of misfolded peptides, and possible degradation of irreparable proteins. Excessive apoptosis, resulting from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) cellular levels and subsequent amplified inflammatory reactions, is well known in the pathogenesis ...

Inflammatory abnormalities may be involved in the inadequate basal oxidant/antioxidant balance and local exercise-induced oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The time course of oxidative stress and inflammation was investigated in 10 COPD patients and seven healthy subjects before and after local dynamic quadriceps endurance exercise at 40% of maximal stre...

This study investigated the 1-year longitudinal effect of professional training in adolescent runners on redox balance during intense endurance exercise. Changes in selected serum oxidant and antioxidant status in response to a 21-km running time trial in 10 runners (15.5 ± 1.3 years) undergoing professional training were evaluated twice in 12 months (pre- and post-evaluation). Venous blood sam...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the decreased level of thyroid hormones on selected parameters of the oxidation/reduction balance by assessing the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); the level of antioxidant vitamins (A, C, and E); and the concentration of compounds reacting with thiobarbituric acid ...

Oxidative stress Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body that disrupts its ability to detoxify reactive intermediates, or to repair the damage to organ and cellular systems that can be caused by ROS. Intracellular redox balance (the dynamic balance between oxidizing and reducing species within cells) is closely coupled ...

This review discusses the current understanding of cysteine and glutathione redox balance in astrocytes. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of oxidative stress and astrocyte activation on pathways that provide cysteine as a precursor for glutathione. The effect of the disruption of thiol-containing amino acid metabolism on the antioxidant capacity of astrocytes is also discussed.

Under usual conditions, the production of reactive free radicals and their elimination are in a dynamic equilibrium. This balance could be disturbed when the generation of free radicals becomes higher than the protection capacity of systemic antioxidant defence. The impaired equilibrium in favour of oxidants is named oxidative stress and it is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, ...

Mitochondria generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate protumorigenic signaling pathways. In parallel, the mitochondria must also increase their antioxidant capacity to lower ROS levels and prevent cancer cell death. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Ye and colleagues demonstrate that serine catabolism through one-carbon metabolism within the mitochondrial matrix is nec...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of garlic extract and crude black seeds' consumption on blood oxidant/antioxidant levels in healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS In total, 30 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age = 50.31 ± 4.23 years) participated. They ingested two garlic soft gels per day (each is equivalent to 1000 mg of fresh garlic bulb) ...