We have extended the study of the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on hematopoietic colony formation to include the effects of antisense to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on bone marrow cultures. GM-CSF antisense and GM-CSF receptor antisense cause an increase in...

The underlying mechanisms linking antisense RNA, chromatin architecture and gene expression have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that long transcripts encoded from the Kcnq1ot1 antisense promoter silence the flanking genes more efficiently than short antisense transcripts. Interestingly, the antisense RNA-mediated deposition of inactive chromatin-specific histone modifications was highe...

The precise nature of antisense transcripts in eukaryotes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains elusive. Here we show that the 3' regions of genes possess a promoter architecture, including a pre-initiation complex (PIC), which mirrors that at the 5' region and which is much more pronounced at genes with a defined antisense transcript. Remarkably, for genes with an antisense transcript, aver...

Overlapping sense/antisense RNAs transcribed in opposite directions from the same genomic locus are common in vertebrates. The impact of antisense transcription on gene regulation and cell biology is largely unknown. We show that sense/antisense RNAs of an evolutionarily conserved phosphate transporter gene (Slc34a2a) are coexpressed in a short time window during embryonic development of zebraf...

UNLABELLED The continued development of antisense targeting will require a better understanding of the mechanism. METHODS We performed initial studies of the mechanism of intracellular antisense targeting through measurements of in situ transcription, immunofluorescence, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 32P-labeled uridine-5'-triphosphate (alpha-32P-UTP) incorporation...

Amphiphilic peptides approximately fteen amino acids in length and their corresponding antisense peptides exist within protein molecules. These regions (termed antisense homology boxes) are separated by approximately fty amino acids. Since many sense-antisense peptide pairs have been reported to recognize and bind to each other, antisense homology boxes may be involved in folding, chaperoning a...

Natural antisense transcripts represent a class of regulatory RNA molecules, which are characterized by their complementary sequence to another RNA transcript. Extensive sequencing efforts suggest that natural antisense transcripts are prevalent throughout the mammalian genome; however, their biological significance has not been well defined. We performed a loss-of-function RNA interference (RN...

Abnormal elevation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in plasma as well as dysfunction of anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have both been recognized as essential components of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are classified as dyslipidemia. This review describes the arc of development of antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of dysli...

Background: Non-coding RNAs apply regulations on expression or function of a gene. A class of non-coding RNAs, natural antisense transcripts, might overlap with their flanking genes and emerge a new complexity upon regulation. WRAP53, is a natural antisense transcript overlapped in a head-to-head manner on the opposite strand of TP53. It has 3 transcripts of which WRAP53β produ...

The Sho gene from Petunia hybrida encodes an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of plant cytokinins. The 3' region of the Sho gene contains a promoter in the opposite orientation that produces a partially overlapping antisense transcript. Although Sho expression varies significantly in individual cell types, the sense and antisense transcript levels maintain a stable ratio in most tissue type...