Traumatized tooth rendered nonvital (pulpal necrosis) before the final stage of the root development results in a short root with a wide canal that can be either divergent or parallel. Although the root canal therapy is the choice of treatment for a nonvital tooth, the above mentioned abnormal root anatomy does not permit a predictable outcome. Mainly, it is not feasible to achieve a good apica...

Several procedures have been recommended to induce the root end barrier formation in teeth with open apices. Conventional treatment for such cases will require many appointments with an average duration of 12.9 months. During this period, the root canal is susceptible to reinfection from around the provisional restoration, which may promote apical periodontitis and arrest of apical repair. Mine...

AIM To report the endodontic treatment of an immature maxillary central incisor with dens invaginatus. SUMMARY Dens invaginatus is a rare malformation of teeth, probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. The present case describes the complex endodontic treatment of a type III dens invaginatus in an immature maxillary central incisor with a necrotic p...

The management of nonvital immature permanent teeth poses quite a challenge. apexification procedure is in use for long-term now but the treated are more prone to fracture questioning prognosis this technique. introduction regenerative procedures treatment these favorable; however, despite increasing endodontic therapy procedures, inconsistent results seen root development. Conservation Hertwig...

The field of dentistry is constantly changing with the introduction new materials and techniques that resulted in good treatment outcome.Bio-ceramics are amongst recently introduced which have changed face dentistry. Bioceramics biocompatible, nontoxic, non-shrinking usually chemically stable within biological environment.The development bioceramic based has greatly improved dentist’s possibili...

The greatest threats to developing teeth are dental caries and traumatic injuries. The primary goal of all restorative treatment is to maintain pulp vitality so that normal root development or apexogenesis can occur. If pulpal exposure occurs, then a pulpotomy procedure aims to preserve pulp vitality to allow for normal root development. Historically, calcium hydroxide has been the material of ...

A necrotic immature mandibular second premolar with periapical involvement in a 13-year-old patient was treated. Instead of the standard root canal treatment protocol and apexification, antimicrobial agents were used in the canal, after which the canal was left empty. Radiographic examination showed the start of apical closure 5 months after the completion of the antimicrobial protocol. Thicken...

Non vital immature teeth with open apex and thin dentinal walls are difficult to treat via conventional endodontic therapy. Calcium hydroxide has been conventionally used in such cases for a long time. However, due to its various shortcomings, MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) became the material of choice. A new bioactive dentin replacement material, Biodentine, can act as an ideal dentin subst...

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as an apexification material when used in non-vital immature permanent incisors in children. Fifteen children with a mean age of 11.7 years and 17 non-vital permanent incisors were ajudged suitable for inclusion. Standard endodontic procedures were followed and an apical plug of 3-4 mm was crea...