Reusable APIs often de ne usage protocols. We previously developed a sound modular type system that checks compliance with typestate-based protocols while a ording a great deal of aliasing exibility. We also developed Plural, a prototype tool that embodies our approach as an automated static analysis and includes several extensions we found useful in practice. This paper evaluates our approach ...

Many of modern complex software-systems are built of components. These components interact via defined interfaces with operations, so called Application Programming Interfaces (API). The requirements and offered services of an operation are described by its contract. If there are gaps in such a contract, serious misunderstandings between provider and consumer of a component are a probable conse...

APIs are a popular means to expose functionality provided by Cloud-based systems, which are utilized to integrate and orchestrate application as well as management functionality in a programmatic manner. In the domain of application management, they are used to fully automate management processes, for example, to deploy Cloud-based Web applications or back-ends for mobile apps. However, as not ...

The GoogleTM API enables software agents to query and use search results from the large collections of data available via the ever-popular Google search engine. Web searches using Google are exposed to over 4 billion pages, many of which are cached within Google. While the Google API may be used to produce customized user interfaces to Google, the API also provides direct programmatic access to...

background:  aeromonas spp. can cause diarrhea and various infections in humans. access to rapid techniques with a high sensitivity and specificity is strongly needed for the identification of aeromonas species. the aim of this study was to evaluate two different methods including api 20e bacterial identification tests and the molecular detection using pcr primers specific for 16s-rrna and 23s-...

Creating interactive audio applications for web browsers often involves challenges such as time synchronization between non-audio and audio events within thread constraints and format-dependent mapping of data to synthesis parameters. In this paper, we describe a unique approach for these issues with a data-driven symbolic music application programming interface (API) for rapid and interactive ...

This paper presents an authorization framework for supporting fine-grained access control policies enhanced with light-weight intrusion/misuse detectors and response capabilities. The framework intercepts and analyzes access requests and dynamically adjusts security policies to prevent attackers from exploiting application level vulnerabilities. We present a practical, flexible implementation o...

Efficiency in data manipulation is of vital importance to ERP systems. Flexible data manipulation API helps to address a number of acute needs of end users and application developers. To be efficient the API must meet a number of requirements: (i) allow data operations at any granularity level, (ii) guarantee data integrity, (iii) be scalable, (iv) allow cross-platform invocations, (v) be conve...

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to cryptographic tokens like smartcards and Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) provide users with commands to manage and use cryptographic keys stored on trusted hardware. Their design is mainly guided by industrial standards with only informal security promises. In this paper we propose cryptographic models for the security of such APIs. The key feature ...