the process of determining the minimum pass level to separate the competent students from those who do not perform well enough is called standard setting. a large number of methods are widely used to set cut-scores for both written and clinical examinations. there are some challenging issues pertaining to any standard setting procedure. ignoring these concerns would result in a large dispute re...

introduction: helicobacter pylori, as an etiologic cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, should be tested and treated. the true state of infection can only be detected by isolation of gastric biopsies through the invasive method of gastroscopy. however, there are several non-invasive methods for detection of infection, the most common of which is serology. methods: here we have evaluated t...

background: health system pharmacies, like other health care professional, practice under a number of mandated stan­dards. basic concepts of quality assurance (qa) standards should be applied to hospital pharmacy practice. the survey re­ported here is to assess qa system implementation and its standard indicators observation in tehran university of medical sci­ences (tums) hospitals' pharmacies...

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background: nowadays pharmaceutical care departments located in hospitals are amongst the important pillars of the healthcare system. the aim of this study was to evaluate designing features and equipments of hospital drugstores affiliated with isfahan university of medical sciences. methods: in this cross-sectional study a self-defined and validated questionnaire was used which included all th...

background: pancreatitis is most common complication of post-ercp and needs to admission at least for one day. the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of guide wire for better common bile duct (cbd) cannulation for reducing post-ercp pancreatitis. methods: from april 2010 through march 2011, the patients who needed ercp and referred to shahid beheshti and rouhani teaching hospital ...

nursing manpower plays a key role in the quality of care and health promotion. so considering efficient and qualified nursing units is necessary for any health care organization without which they can’t survive long. this study was aimed to estimate the nursing manpower required by the imam khomeini and razi hospitals affiliated with jundishapur university of medical sciences in accordance with...