In this paper the collision of two cosmic string loops is studied. After collision junctions are formed and the loops are entangled. We show that after their formation the junctions start to unzip and the loops disentangle. This analysis provides a theoretical understanding of the unzipping effect observed in numerical simulations of a network of cosmic strings with more than one type of cosmic...

every encoding has priori information if the encoding represents any semantic information of the unverse or object.Encoding means mapping from the unverse to the string or strings of digits. The semantic here is used in the model-theoretic sense or denotation of the object.if encoding or strings of symbols is the adequate and true mapping of model or object,and the mapping is recursive or compu...

We use a master equation approach based on the Poland-Scheraga free energy for DNA denaturation to investigate the (un)zipping dynamics of a denaturation wedge in a stretch of DNA, that is clamped at one end. In particular, we quantify the blinking dynamics of a fluorophore-quencher pair mounted within the denaturation wedge. We also study the behavioural changes in the presence of proteins, th...

The aim of our project is to develop a system for detecting student copying in Biomedical Science laboratory practical reports. We compare contrasting approaches: “simple” methods Zipping, based on a standard file-compression tool, and Bigrams, a basic comparison of frequent bigrams; and “smart” methods using commercial-strength plagiarism-checking systems Turnitin, Copycatch, and Copyfind. Bot...

The experimentally observed non-monotonic temperature-dependence of the surface roughness in Ag/Ag(100) growth over the temperature range T = 55−180 K is examined. In general, we find that the surface roughness depends sensitively on a competition between a variety of low-barrier processes including downward funneling, edge-zipping and diffusion, atom-attraction, and interlayer diffusion at kin...

We present a study on filamentous actin solutions containing heavy meromyosin subfragments of myosin II motor molecules. We focus on the viscoelastic phase behavior and internal dynamics of such networks during adenosine-triphosphate depletion. By combining microrheology and fluorescence microscopy, we observed a sol-gel transition accompanied by a sudden onset of directed filament motion. We i...

In some cases water droplets can completely wet microstructured superhydrophobic surfaces. The dynamics of this rapid process is analyzed by ultrahigh-speed imaging. Depending on the scales of the microstructure, the wetting fronts propagate smoothly and circularly or-more interestingly-in a stepwise manner, leading to a growing square-shaped wetted area: entering a new row perpendicular to the...

We investigate the force generation by polymerizing bundles of filaments, which form because of short-range attractive filament interactions. We show that bundles can generate forces by a zipping mechanism, which is not limited by buckling and operates in the fully buckled state. The critical zipping force, i.e. the maximal force that a bundle can generate, is given by the adhesive energy gaine...