Comb building in mixed-species colonies of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera was studied. Two types of cell-size foundation were made from the waxes of these species and inserted into mixed colonies headed either by an A. cerana or an A. mellifera queen. The colonies did not discriminate between the waxes but the A. cerana cell-size foundation was modified during comb building by the workers of bo...

Worker honeybees, Apis mellifera, police each other's reproduction by killing worker-laid eggs. Previous experiments demonstrated that worker policing is effective, killing most (∼98%) worker-laid eggs. However, many queen-laid eggs were also killed (∼50%) suggesting that effective policing may have high costs. In these previous experiments, eggs were transferred using forceps into test cells, ...

Modern Web applications use several APIs to build rich features. For example, the W3C Geolocation API provides access to a user’s physical location for location-based personalization, Facebook Connect provides a single sign-on service and access to a user’s social graph, Local Storage is a per-domain cache that enables offline access, and the Google Maps API allows applications to embed customi...

Researchers, policymakers, and competition regulation authorities worldwide recognize the utility of application programming interfaces (APIs) in powering digital economy driving datafication platformization processes. However, it remains unclear how APIs leading social media relate to platform governance this relationship evolved. This article traces evolution Facebook’s APIs, which evolved fr...

Queens of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.), exhibit extreme polyandry, mating with up to 45 different males (drones). This increases the genetic diversity of their colonies, and consequently their fitness. After copulation, drones leave a mating sign in the genital opening of the queen which has been shown to promote additional mating of the queen. On one hand, this signing behavior is benefi...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179922.].

Since its recent introduction into Europe, the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, has become a major predator of the domestic honeybee, Apis mellifera, but little is known about its hunting behavior. We studied V. velutina hunting behavior by a capture-mark-recapture procedure in an experimental apiary. A total of 360 hornets were captured and tagged, and we determined: (i) the number of hor...

What are the pathways for spreading disinformation on social media platforms? This article addresses this question by collecting, categorising, and situating an extensive body of research how application programming interfaces (APIs) provided platforms facilitate spread disinformation. We first examine landscape official APIs, then perform quantitative open-source code repositories GitHub GitLa...

Using the results of an optical analysis, a digital computer technique was developed to analyze the relative excitation produced by arbitrary figures at the rhabdom of the receptors of a compound eye. This technique was applied to several sets of figures for the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and a reasonable agreement was found with behavioral data. Similarly, the significance of a fixed cutoff ang...