Members of the Wnt gene family, encoding secreted cystein-rich glycoproteins, have been isolated from a variety of organisms. They serve as important developmental signaling molecules and have been implicated to play crucial roles in such diverse processes as cancer, organogenesis and pattern formation. Experiments by Zakany and Duboule, and Rudnicki and Brown have suggested a role for Wnt mole...

A case of acinic cell carcinoma of the right parotid gland metastasizing to the right iliac crest is presented. Generally, for this rare low-grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm, 20% of cases may have local recurrences whereas about 10% of cases have distant metastases. They may arise many years after the initial presentation of the original tumor. The most frequent locations are the cervica...

Introduction Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor in dogs and is characterized by a highly invasive and metastatic behavior. The tumor is less common in cats. This tumor frequently affects middle-aged, large breed dogs (less than 5% occur in breeds smaller than 12 kg) and arises in 75% of cases in the metaphyseal area of bones of the appendicular skeleton. The median age of dogs wit...

Brown tumors are a definitive feature of hyperparathyroidism. They are well-demarcated osteolytic lesions commonly in the appendicular skeleton. Primary hyperparathyroidism is typically suggested by hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia on routine labs. Much more rarely do these cases present with a craniofacial mass. Here we investigate a unique presentation of terminal stage primary hyperparathy...

Tuberculosis of the appendicular skeleton is an uncommon infection by tubercle bacilli. Thirty percent of the skeletal tuberculosis involves joints, the knee being the third most common joint affected. We report a case of tubercular synovitis of the knee joint in a 30-year-old HIV seropositive male. The diagnosis was done by Ziehl-Neelsen stain and culture on Lowenstein Jensen medium, of the sy...

Skeletal metastases are common in the adult population. The proximal femur is a frequently affected bone in the appendicular skeleton. The orthopaedic surgeon may be the first to find a pathologic lesion of the proximal femur and appropriate diagnosis and nonoperative management is essential prior to surgical treatment. Bisphosphonates and radiation therapy are used in conjunction with surgical...

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign synovial tumor of unknown etiology with a predilection for the large joints of the appendicular skeleton. The poor prognosis for patients with hip disease is partially imparted by current surgical techniques. Recent advances in hip arthroscopy technique and instrumentation may enable arthroscopic treatment for PVNS in the hip. The authors repo...

Background: Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN) represent 60% of all appendicular tumours. This type of cancer is predominantly benign.  In this study, appendicular NEN tumours in children were investigated. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 540 patients underwent emergency appendectomy for the treatment of clinically suspected appendicitis at the department of p...

Osteopoikilosis is a rare, benign osteosclerotic dysplasia that predominantly involves the appendicular skeleton. Radiographic findings are diagnostic, and the disease often is discovered incidentally on x-ray films. The importance of recognizing osteopoikilosis lies in differentiating it from osteoblastic metastases. The cause is unclear. Patients typically are asymptomatic. Diagnostic finding...

Osteochondroma is the most common benign tumor of bone, and the majority arise in the appendicular skeleton. Spinal osteochondromas are uncommon, with 50% occurring in the cervical spine. Only 0.5% to 1% of spinal osteochondromas present with neurological dysfunction. Only 12 of such solitary symptomatic osteochondromas have been previously reported in the literature to arise from C2. We report...