This online appendix contains four sections. Appendix A provides a more general version of the model from Section 2. Appendix B includes additional charts and tables that are referenced in the main paper. Appendix C reports alternative specifications for our main results, using different matching criteria, as discussed in Section 3. Appendix D provides cross-country evidence on the decline on e...

These supplemental materials provide appendices not included in the main text. Supplemental Appendix D gives derivations for the examples given in Sections 4 and 5. Supplemental Appendix E considers feasible versions of the procedures in Section 3 in the case with unknown error distribution and derives their asymptotic efficiency. Supplemental Appendix F gives some auxiliary results used for re...

This Online Appendix is divided into six parts. Appendix A provides a general statement of strategies and equilibria, and describes how we do equilibrium selection when there are multiple equilibria. Appendix B proves Proposition 3. Appendix C proves verbal statements in the analysis of experimentation about the principal’s commitment problem and institutional solutions. Appendix D contains acc...