Fuji apples may develop the physiological disorders core flush or flesh browning during cold storage in air (RA) or controlled atmosphere (CA) (Argenta et al., 2000). Core flush is a symptom of senescence characterized by yellow-brown discoloration in the core (Wilkinson and Fidler, 1973). In Fuji apples, flesh browning (Photo 1) resembles senescent breakdown because the diffuse, light brown di...

We model distribution, the delivery of goods to customers, as an activity governed by its own technology and undertaken by firms subsequently to production operations. We then use the model to investigate how distribution shapes innovation-driven economic growth. We contrast two canonical specifications of distribution costs, iceberg vs. per-unit, and characterize their implications for innovat...

Flavour is a key quality attribute of apples defined by volatile aroma compounds. Biosynthesis of aroma compounds involves metabolic pathways in which the main precursors are fatty and amino acids, and the main products are aldehydes, alcohols and esters. Some enzymes are crucial in the production of volatile compounds, such as lipoxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and alcohol acyltransferase. C...

Complete mortality of one-day old codling moth eggs infesting Red Delicious apples was achieved by fumigation with methyl bromide at 24 g/m3 for 2h at 12.0 ± 0.5°C, followed by 18 d coolstorage at mean fruit pulp temperatures in the range 0.52 1.77°C. Non-fumigated coolstored eggs required a period of 33 d exposure at the same temperatures to achieve complete kill. Fumigation followed by coolst...

Volatile compounds in Fuji apples harvested at two different maturities were measured at harvest and after 5 and 7 months of cold storage (1 degrees C) in four different atmospheres. When the samples were characterized by both chromatographic measurements of volatiles and responses of an electronic nose, the analyses showed a clear separation between fruits from different storage conditions (a ...

Public interest in food distribution systems as well as an increasing amount of food imports to the United States has resulted in a need for methods of quantifying the transportation of food imports in terms of distance travelled, energy use, and environmental impact. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide a powerful tool to organize and analyze spatial data. This study used a geographic ...

A preliminary conclusion of the research is that there does not appear to be significant genetic differences in developmental times between the codling moth populations in walnuts and apples. Codling moths were collected from walnuts and placed onto artificial diet as a rearing medium. Data obtained from these individuals were consistent with the data obtained from colonies of codling moth coll...