Sound travels very efficiently underwater, so the potential area impacted can be thousands of square kilometers or more. Anthropogenic activities such as commercial shipping, recreational activities, drilling, seismic exploration or energy production (hydroelectric power plants), have made underwater noise pollution an increasing and perhaps dominant factor in the aquatic environment. Nowadays,...

A group of unicellular ciliates such Epistylis are amplified at aquatic environment by governor of food contamination. In the case, fixed ciliates like Epistylis are colonized as Ectoparasites on fishes, Aquatic crustaceans, Turtle and Aquatic plants. They graze food residue or bacteria or decompose residue like Ectoparasites. In this case, Epistylis licking their stems to the surface body of f...