Some simple lipid-water systems have been studied by x-ray scattering techniques, as a function of lipid concentration and temperature. Several liquid-crystalline phases have been found, and their structure has been determined: only one of these is lamellar. In all these phases the hydrocarbon part of the lipid molecules has a disordered, liquid-like structure. One biological phospholipid, a hu...

a wall is studied using analytic, numerical and experimental methods. A cinder block wall is modeled using a periodic moment method solution, a periodic finite element/boundary element solution, and a multi-layer homogeneous model. The scattering from an array of cylinders is also investigated to identify scattering features that may be used for identification and classification algorithms. SAR...

This paper considers a periodic circular cylinder array with additional cylinders and formulates the electromagnetic scattering problem of this imperfectly periodic structure. Generally, the fields in imperfectly periodic structures have continuous spectra, and the spectral-domain approaches require appropriate discretization schemes in many cases. The present formulation is based on the pseudo...

Carbon nanotube, a new structure of carbon element, is composed of graphene sheets rolled into closed concentric cylinders with diameter of the order of nanometers and length of micrometers. Liquid arc discharge was used for fabrication of carbon nanotubes, and subsequently a modified acid treatment method applied for purification stage. A statistical design of experimental (DOE) (Taguchi metho...

In this paper a new macroscopic k-ε model is developed and validated for turbulent flow through porous media for a wide range of porosities. The morphology of porous media is simulated by a periodic array of square cylinders. In the first step, calculations based on microscopic v2 − f model are conducted using a Galerkin/Least-Squares finite element formulation, employing equalorder bilinear ve...