Arsenic resistance in bacteria is basically due to a detoxification system encoded by the ars operon. It has been reported in various grams negative as well as gram positive genera. The E. coli chromosomal ars operon and E. coli plasmid R773 borne ars operons were the first ones to be discovered. The ars operon Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI 258 which shows only 30% structural homology with t...

We have previously identified a DNA unwinding element (DUE) in autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) and demonstrated a correlation between single-strand-specific nuclease hypersensitivity of the DUE and ARS-mediated plasmid replication in yeast. The DUE in the H4 ARS is the most easily unwound sequence in a supercoiled DNA molecule, in the context of the Ylp5 plasmid. To determine whether ...

Two sequences (ARS18 and ARS68) displaying autonomous replication activity were previously cloned in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The smallest fragment (1-1.3 kb) required for extrachromosomal replication of a plasmid is significantly larger in Y. lipolytica than in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Neither autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) is homologous with known ARS or centromere (CEN) conse...

A number of restriction fragments that function as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) in yeast have been isolated from Drosophila melanogaster DNA. The behaviour in yeast of plasmids containing Drosophila ARS elements was studied and compared to that exhibited by the archetypal yeast ARS-1 plasmid. ARS functions were localised by subcloning and BAL-31 deletion analysis. These studies dem...

The initiation of DNA replication at replication origins is essential for the duplication of genomes. In yeast, the autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) property of replication origins is necessary for the stable maintenance of episomal plasmids. However, because the sequence determinants of ARS function differ among yeast species, current ARS modules are limited for use to a subset of yeast...

Mammalian cells have cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) that catalyze aminoacylation of tRNAs during protein synthesis. Despite their housekeeping functions in protein synthesis, recently, ARSs and ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) have been shown to play important roles in disease pathogenesis through their interactions with disease-related molecules...

The behavior of p-azophenylarsonate (Ars)-specific B cell clones during the primary T cell-dependent splenic response of A/J mice was investigated using an immunohistochemical approach. The earliest Ars-specific B cells were observed as isolated cells in the red pulp by day 3 after immunization with Ars-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, (KLH) and at day 6, large clusters of Ars-specific B cells were f...

We have sequenced the 0.7-kb-long fragment of Drosophila DNA which ensures the autonomous replication of plasmids in yeast. Deletion mapping has shown the ARS element to consist of at least two domains: the core having the consensus 11-bp sequence TAAATATAAAT and the enhancer which is no more than 90 bp long and is located at the 3'-end of the A-rich core strand. Neither domain per se ensures p...