To investigate the channels and neurotransmitters in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) oblongata that are responsible for the maintenance of sympathetic tone and cardio-respiratory reflex regulation. Microinjections of excitant amino acid (glutamate, 100 nl, 100 mM), calcium channel blockers, agonists and antagonists were made throughout the VLM in anaesthetized rats. Arterial blood pressure, sym...

introduction: intensive care unit is one of the most stressful wards for patients and it is estimated that 30 to70 percent of patients experience severe physiologic stress during admission. some of the physiologic responses to stress include increase in metabolic rate with consequent increase in body temperature, increase in cardiac output and contraction power and subsequently increase in bloo...

purpose to investigate the effects of a 10-week water aerobic exercise on the resting blood pressure in patients with stage 1 or 2 hypertension referring to tehran university clinics. methods forty men with stage 1 or 2 essential hypertension were assigned to two groups of intervention [n = 12; aged 48.33±10.74 years (mean±sd)] and control [n = 28; aged 46.96±11.58 years (mean±sd)]. subjects in...

Osborn, John W., Frédéric Jacob, and Pilar Guzman. A neural set point for the long-term control of arterial pressure: beyond the arterial baroreceptor reflex. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R846–R855, 2005. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00474.2004.—Arterial baroreceptor reflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) has been proposed to play a role in long-term control of arterial...

The relative importance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) versus diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in predicting the risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality is controversial. We have re-examined SBP compared to D BP and other combinations of SBP and D BP in predicting the risk of IHD mortality in a long-term cohort study oflO,541 men and women in the West of Scotland. During a mean fo...

The stability of the arterial pressure control system after a mild hemorrhage (5 ml/kg body wt) was studied in 10 anesthetized cats by analyzing the responses of arterial pressure and of heart rate and the dead time (L) of heart rate response to a minute, rapid test hemorrhage (1 ml/kg body wt). The overall open-loop gain (H) of the arterial pressure control system was estimated from the ratio ...

Background Right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling plays an important role in the occurrence of right ventricular failure. Ventricular-arterial coupling is defined as Ea/ Emax. Ea is the effective arterial elastance and an index of the post-load, and includes vascular resistances, vessel compliance, vascular impedance, systolic and diastolic time intervals. Ea = (arterial end-systolic pre...

four patients were studied for intercostals nerve blockade in cholecystectomy. all of the patients were poor risks (class 4) and received premedication before the procedure. intercostals nerve blockade (icnb) of the 7th and 10th thoracic nerves on the right side was performed with lidocaine 1% plus adrenaline 5 ml. at each segment, t7-t10 (a total dose of 20 ml). ventilation was controlled usin...