نتایج جستجو برای: as r2
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OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between magnetic resonance transverse relaxation rate (R2*) and prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 159 women with invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) underwent breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) sequence at 3 T. The distribution of the measured R2* values were analyzed, and the correl...
The squared correlation coefficient r2 (sometimes denoted ∆2) is a measure of linkage disequilibrium that is widely used, but computing its expectation E[r2] in the population has remained an intriguing open problem. The expectation E[r2] is often approximated by the standard linkage deviation σ2 d, which is a ratio of two expectations amenable to analytic computation. In this paper, a method o...
(1) Let X be a real linear space and R1, R2 be finite sequences of elements of X. If lenR1 = lenR2, then ∑ (R1 +R2) = ∑ R1 + ∑ R2. (2) Let X be a real linear space and R1, R2, R3 be finite sequences of elements of X. If lenR1 = lenR2 and R3 = R1−R2, then ∑ R3 = ∑ R1− ∑ R2. (3) Let X be a real linear space, R1, R2 be finite sequences of elements of X, and a be an element of R. If R2 = aR1, then ...
Mutations of the nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) gene in cytogenetically normal (CN) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) identify a group of patients with more favorable prognosis. NPM1 encodes three main alternatively spliced isoforms R1(B23.1), R2(B23.2), and R3(B23.3). The expression of splice variants R1, R2 and R3 were higher in AML patients compared to normal cells of healthy volunteers (HVs), although R...
Introduction pH sensing has a pivotal role in diagnosis, e.g. tumors or inflammation sites have a lower pH as compared to pH 7.4 of normal tissues. This acidic environment, e.g. 6.5 or lower, has been used for an effective delivery of therapeutic agents, especially using liposomes. Sensitive probes or systems that can detect this change in vivo are necessary for disease diagnosis. Liposomes act...
Intrinsic susceptibility MRI is being investigated to provide imaging biomarkers of tumour hypoxia. Deoxyhaemoglobin, which is paramagnetic, creates magnetic susceptibility perturbations, increasing the MRI transverse relaxation rate R2* of water in blood and in the tissue surrounding blood vessels. Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE) MRI methods are sensitive to R2* and thus to blood deoxyhaemoglobin...
PURPOSE In the present study we investigated a combination of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) biomarkers in order to predict neurological impairment in patients with cervical spondylosis. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with cervical spondylosis were evaluated. DTI and single voxel MRS were performed in the cervical cord. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and cho...
Background In the present study, the tumor-specific, pH-responsive peptide H7K(R2)2-modified, theranostic liposome-containing paclitaxel (PTX) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs), PTX/SPIO-SSL-H7K(R2)2, was prepared by using H7K(R2)2 as the targeting ligand, SPIO NPs as the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent, PTX as antitumor drug. Methods The PTX/SPIO-SSL-H7K(R2)2 w...
Bone marrow, spleen, liver and kidney proton transverse relaxation rates (R2), together with cardiac R2* from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) have been compared with a control group. Increased liver and bone marrow R2 values for the three groups of patients in comparison with the controls have be...
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