Path integral formulation of Brownian trajectories is employed to re-derive the steepest descent path (SDP). An analogy between the mechanics of overdamped tra-jectories and a Hamiltonian system is found and exploited. The SDP is a special path selected from the curves that connect two predetermined xed conngurations. One xed connguration is the reactant and the second is the product. It is the...

Most people use stairs during emergencies and evacuations. Therefore, this study addressed the impact of staircase rotation to minimize physical effort evacuation time, hypothesizing that affects speed safety occupants. This consisted two stages. In first stage, a questionnaire was delivered architects, with key questions about preferred direction in daily other regarding cases. The second stag...

This paper deals with distributed reinforcement learning problems safety constraints. In particular, we consider that a team of agents cooperate in shared environment, where each agent has its individual reward function and constraints involve all agents' joint actions. As such, the aim to maximize team-average long-term return, subject More intriguingly, no central controller is assumed coordi...

A family of subadditive functions which contains the optimal solution of subadditive duals for integer programs has been presented by Klabjan (2007). In this paper we present a subadditive dual ascent procedure to find an optimal subadditive dual function based on Klabjan’s generator subadditive function. Then we use the proposed method to solve the so called uncapacitated facility location pro...

PURPOSE A recent randomised controlled trial indicated that providing long-term multifocal wearers with a pair of distance single-vision spectacles for use outside the home reduced falls risk in active older people. However, it also found that participants disliked continually switching between using two pairs of glasses and adherence to the intervention was poor. In this study we determined wh...

High-resolution dive depth and acceleration recordings from nearshore (Sarasota Bay, < 30 m), offshore (Bermuda) bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) were used to estimate the diving metabolic rate (DMR) locomotor (LMR, L O2/min) during three phases of (descent, bottom, ascent). For shallow dives (depth ≤ we found no differences between two ecotypes in LMR diving, nor postdive interval dives. in...

iranian civilization is one of the oldest and most influential civilizations of history, and iran as the origin of persian civilization, has been ruled by numerous states throughout history. some of them, while enjoying considerable glory and high level of economic and political power, have sometimes been declined and finally overthrown. having these points in mind, the main questions are prese...