Objective We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and long-term effects of YKF and dissect the potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods IPF rats were given YKF, prednisone, or pirfenidone, respectively, from day 1 to day 42, followed by a 28-day nonintervention interval through day 70. Forced vital capacity (FVC), histopathology, hydroxyproline (HYP) contents, lung coefficient, blood ...

BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a specific form of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia that is limited to the lung. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ ligands have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. We investigated the effects of irbesartan-an ARB with PPAR γ activity-on the development of bleomycin-induced pul...

In two previous letters [Velarde et al., 2005, 2006] a new form of electric conduction mediated by solitons was shown to be possible in an anharmonic one-dimensional (1D) lattice. In the first, a strictly classical approach was adopted hence treating the lattice dynamics classically and the electron-(ion) lattice interaction with classical electrodynamics. In the second, the electron-lattice in...

figure 1a, the severity of fibrotic changes as indicated by the Ashcroft score was similar in wildtype and PAR-4 deficient animals (score of mean¡SEM 3.46¡0.25 and 2.48¡0.50, respectively, p50.13). In line, collagen deposition as assessed using Masson’s trichrome stainings was also similar in wildtype and PAR-4 deficient mice (mean¡SEM arbitrary units of 2.2¡0.9 and 2.0¡0.8, respectively, p50.8...

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and remodeling. However, the physiological role of CNP in the lung remains unknown. Accordingly, we investigated whether CNP infusion attenuates bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. After intratracheal injection of BLM or saline, mice were randomized to receive continuous ...

The Böhm–Jacopini theorem (Böhm and Jacopini, 1966) is a classical result of program schematology. It states that any deterministic flowchart program is equivalent to a while program. The theorem is usually formulated at the first-order interpreted or first-order uninterpreted (schematic) level, because the construction requires the introduction of auxiliary variables. Ashcroft and Manna (1972)...

Justice Department’s request for a rehearing. As of mid-September, it was not known whether Ashcroft will appeal to the Supreme Court. In 1997, before the second Oregon vote, the Court upheld laws in New York and Washington that prohibited physician-assisted suicide and unanimously ruled that there is no constitutional right to assisted suicide. The Court, however, left the states free to legal...

We sought to determine the efficacy of atomized paclitaxel liposome inhalation treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced rat model. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control, pulmonary fibrosis without treatment, paclitaxel liposome inhalation-treated, and intravenous paclitaxel liposome-treated. Fibrosis was induced by bleomycin injecti...

BACKGROUND Effective treatments for fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are largely lacking. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of fibrosis. We hypothesized that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), another family within the TGFβ superfamily of growth factors, modulate fibrogenesis driven by TGFβ. We therefore studied the role of...

In 2004 and 2006, well-established populations of an exotic halictine bee were found in the Upper Hunter Valley region of New South Wales, Australia. On the basis of morphology, the species was identified as Halictus (Seladonia) smaragdulus Vachal, 1895 by an expert familiar with that genus. Subsequently, it was discovered that there are six species in the S. smaragdula complex, but none of the...