Stable renal transplant recipients (RTR) display high rates of atherosclerotic events (AE). Innate immunity and especially vascular inflammation play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It is illustrated both by an increased occurrence of postrenal transplant cardiovascular events in patients with elevated levels of C-reactive protein and by a correlation between posttransplant AE an...

Toll-like Receptor Polymorphisms and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness To the Editor: Chronic inflammation represents a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Thus, there is growing interest in the role of innate immune defense mechanisms in arterial plaque formation, and several studies directly implicate signaling by toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, these ...

A whole group of polymorphisms of genes involved in the formation of the epidermal barrier, immune responses, and their regulation is important in the formation of atopic phenotype. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship of polymorphisms of genes of Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 with clinical and immunological parameters in atopic dermatitis patients in a "case-control" s...

The CD14 receptor is a pattern recognition molecule in the innate immune response against microorganisms and other exogenous and endogenous stress factors. The most important CD14 signalling co-receptor is toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which activates, among others, the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) inflammatory pathway. Besides its role in innate immunity and host defence, the proinflammato...

The efficacy of anticancer treatments is mostly assessed by their ability to directly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. Recently, we showed that tumor cell death triggered by chemotherapy or radiotherapy initiates an immunoadjuvant pathway that contributes to the success of cytotoxic treatments. The interaction of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) released from dying tumor cells...