markowitz, in his portfolio selection theory, stated that investors select their portfolios according to two criteria of risk and return. accordingly, he presented his mathematical model. one of the criticisms of this model is that while investors, practically, consider different criteria in forming their portfolios, it only considers the return mean and return standard deviation. liquidity is ...

The purpose of this article is to describe the process and procedures involved in the implementation of portfolio assessment at two dental schools. Portfolios can be defined as a purposeful collection of student work that involves reflection in which students identify gaps in their knowledge and abilities and develop strategies for correcting those gaps. Framed within the current context of den...

Through initiatives like Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC21S ) Intel® has been collaborating with governments and policy-makers to create new national standards and national assessments. But Intel’s professional development programs help teachers use assessment for learning as part of a 21st century learning environment. In this paper, we highlight the research on six assessm...

Background: Learning portfolios are increasingly being introduced in higher education including undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Due to their highly personalized nature, creation of an assessment tool that accurately reflects the value for the learner of the “work” created is challenging, and has prevented a more widespread use of this valuable tool. Innovation & Evaluation: Fo...

The ability to reflect on one's own action is seen as an important skill for a doctor. A thorough introduction of the portfolio planned in the early stages of their studies seems to be the way to train medical students in reflection. This article describes the use of portfolios in early undergraduate medical training. The literature on portfolios suggests three aspects that are crucial for the ...

A portfolio is a collection of material documenting reflection about practice. It contains documents (eg, case histories and questionnaires the resident has used), images, and video recordings that reveal that an individual has acquired the competencies needed for professional practice. This assessment tool simultaneously supports learning and provides evidence for certifying competence. The ad...