The number of non-native invasive pests and pathogens has increased dramatically in recent years, with disastrous consequences for the health forests worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that mixed may suffer less damage from insect than single species forest. This “associational resistance” can be notably explained by fact heterospecific neighbours make it more difficult herbivores to locate...

Synopsis: Many theorists have long emphasized the importance of civic society and voluntary associations as vital to the lifeblood of democracy. Interest in this perennial topic has been revived by Putnam’s theory of social capital claiming that rich and dense associational networks facilitate the underlying conditions of interpersonal trust, tolerance and cooperation, providing the social foun...

Spatial cognition is a complex higher function in mammals and is involved in a variety of tasks that can be explored in the laboratory. In this review we will discuss the role of the posterior parietal/anteromedial cortex of rodents, also known as the parietal association cortex, and the hippocampal formation in spatial navigation. We will also discuss other higher associational functions of th...

The last decade has witnessed the apparition of applied problems typified by very high-dimensional variables, in marketing database or gene expression studies for instance. Graphical models (Lauritzen (1996)) enable concise representations of associational relations between variables. If the graph is known, the parameters of the model are easily estimated. However, a quite challenging issue is ...

Abstract. The emergence of social media has revolutionized communication and had a profound effect on many aspects motherhood. Image-centric media, despite its overwhelming popularity, faced much criticism for over-idealistic portrayals the pressures it may place women throughout pregnancy early years their child’s life. This research aimed to determine whether significant relationship exists b...

Forest regeneration can be compromised by insect damage to newly-planted conifer seedlings, with the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, being most economically important pest in Europe. Seedling protection strategies include physical barriers, silvicultural measures and insecticides, while potential benefits of Associational Effects (AE) have been little explored. Resistance (AR) or Susceptibility ...

In this paper we examine whether individualization and informalization processes have occurred in the field of leisure in The Netherlands, by analyzing the social context of a wide range of activities between 1975 and 2005. We find that the choice of a particular leisure context is dependent on education, gender, year of birth, age and time pressure. We find evidence for informalization, but-co...

Critical family history expands the frame of a life story beyond accumulation facts and figures to an acknowledgement context, deeper understanding structure, reckoning circumstance response comparison across time space. This article explores complexity in context colonial pasts British India; possibilities offered by group analysis actors; moral obligation historian address difficult all their...