Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi can colonize the gallbladder and persist in an asymptomatic carrier state that is frequently associated with the presence of gallstones. We have shown that salmonellae form bile-mediated biofilms on human gallstones and cholesterol-coated surfaces in vitro. Here, we test the hypothesis that biofilms on cholesterol gallbladder stones facilitate typhoid carriage ...

IN PREVIOUS CO? -IMUNICATIONS’-3 the hematologic effects of the gene for an abnormal hemoglobin, since designated as hemoglobin C, were described in two combinations: A-C, an asymptomatic carrier state in which the hemoglobin consists of a mixture of A (normal adult type) hemoglobin amid C; secondly S-C, a variant of sickle cell disease in which sickle hemoglobin S is produced together with hem...

BACKGROUND The impact of Clostridium difficile colonization in C. difficile infection (CDI) is inadequately explored. As a result, asymptomatic carriage is not considered in the development of infection control policies and the burden of carrier state in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is unknown. PURPOSE To explore the epidemiology of C. difficile colonization in LTCFs, identify predisposi...

Blood transmitted infection is the commonest cause of death after blood transfusion. All patients on regular packed cell volume (PCV) or any blood component are at increased risk of transfusion transmitted infections. The etiological agents can be virus, bacteria or protozoa. These organisms can cause clinical sickness in recipient, can persist in him as carrier state or can cause asymptomatic ...

Salmonella infection can cause four predominant clinical syndromes: enteric fever, acute gastroenteritis, bacteraemia with or without metastatic infection, and the asymptomatic carrier state. Salmonella as an aetiological agent in osteomyelitis is essentially rare and salmonella osteomyelitis in itself is predominantly seen in patients with haemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease or tha...

Pseudomembranous (entero)colitis is primarily caused by Clostridium difficile infection. The most common predisposing factor is prior use of antibiotics, including vancomycin and metronidazole, which themselves are therapy for C difficile colitis. Other risk factors have also been described. The presence of C difficile in the gastrointestinal tract leads to a spectrum of manifestations from the...

A common strategy by which bacterial pathogens reside in humans is by shifting from a virulent lifestyle, (systemic infection), to a dormant carrier state. Two major serovars of Salmonella enterica, Typhi and Typhimurium, have evolved a two-component regulatory system to exist inside Salmonella-containing vacuoles in the macrophage, as well as to persist as asymptomatic biofilms in the gallblad...

Host parasite relationships in the female genital tract were studied in bovine venereal vibriosis by investigating agglutinin production and alterations in superficial antigens of the bacterium during the course of infection in two heifers. Cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) steamed cell agglutinins were shown to appear earlier and remain at consistently higher levels than whole-cell agglutinins. Whole...

We studied the durations and average speeds of videopulses transmitted through chiral sculptured thin films using a finite–difference algorithm. The chiral STF was either linear or possessed an intensity–dependent permittivity. Videopulse durations tended to decrease with increasing carrier wavelength and to increase, for given carrier wavelength and polarization state, when the chiral STF was ...