Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) processes are important in climate, weather and air quality. A better understanding of the structure and the behavior of the ABL is required for understanding and modeling of the chemistry and dynamics of the atmosphere on all scales. Based on the systematic variations of the ABL structures over different surfaces, different lidar-based methods were developed an...

s of the 7 Latin American Congress on Organic Geochemistry, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 2000; Santos, C.Y.M.; Azevedo, D.A.; Aquino Neto, F.R.; Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36,

The main objective of this article is to study the effect of the moisture on the planetary scale atmospheric circulation over the tropics. The modelling we adopt is the Boussinesq equations coupled with a diffusive equation of humidity, and the humidity-dependent heat source is modelled by a linear approximation of the humidity. The rigorous mathematical analysis is carried out using the dynami...

estimation. 25. Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online. 26. F. J. Wentz, M. Schabel, Nature 403, 414 (2000). 27. T. M. Smith, R. W. Reynolds, J. Clim.18, 2021 (2005). 28. P. D. Jones, A. Moberg, J. Clim. 16, 206 (2003). 29. HadCRUT2v is the designation for version 2 of the (variance-corrected) Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit surface temperature data se...

This paper introduces the notion of robust extremes in deterministic chaotic systems, presents initial theoretical results, and outlines associated inferential techniques. A chaotic deterministic system is said to exhibit robust extremes under a given observable when the associated statistics of extreme values depend smoothly on the system's control parameters. Robust extremes are here illustra...

As early as 1959, it was hypothesized that an indirect link between solar activity and climate could be mediated by mechanisms controlling the flux of galactic cosmic rays (CR) [Ney ER (1959) Nature 183:451-452]. Although the connection between CR and climate remains controversial, a significant body of laboratory evidence has emerged at the European Organization for Nuclear Research [Duplissy ...

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is commonly applied to extend food shelf-life. Despite growth of a wide variety of fungal contaminants has been previously studied in relation to modified-atmospheres, few studies aimed at quantifying the effects of dioxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressures on conidial germination in solid agar medium. In the present study, an original culture ...

Hydrostatic pressure in the sea, which increases approximately 0.1 atmosphere per meter of depth, appears to be a factor that influences bacterial activities. This was indicated by the observations of Certes (1884a,b), Certes and Cochin (1884), and Regnard (1884a,b). The reports of Chlopin and Tammann (1903), Hite et al. (1914), Larson et al. (1918), and more recent ones reviewed by Macheboeuf ...

Randall, D.A., 1989. Cloud Parameterization for climate modeling: status and prospects. Atmos. Res., 23: 245-361. The current status of cloud parameterization research is reviewed. It is emphasized that the upper tropospheric stratiform clouds associated with deep convection are both physically important and poorly parameterized in current models. Emerging parameterizations are described in gen...