Radiosonde humidity measurements are fundamentally important to a variety of applications, including radiative transfer calculations, validation of remote-sensor retrievals, parameterization of cloud processes, and initialization of (or assimilation into) numerical models. Vaisala radiosondes, used by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and extensively throughout the world, are ...

Insect hygroreceptors associate as antagonistic pairs of a moist cell and a dry cell together with a cold cell in small cuticular sensilla on the antennae. The mechanisms by which the atmospheric humidity stimulates the hygroreceptive cells remain elusive. Three models for humidity transduction have been proposed in which hygroreceptors operate either as mechanical hygrometers, evaporation dete...

The distribution of the rare and endangered perennial herb Primulina tabacum Hance is restricted to eight karst caves in southern China. To conserve P. tabacum and to evaluate possible reintroduction, we studied its historical distribution and conducted field surveys of both its biotic and physical environment. We used detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis to i...

The main objective of this study is to use Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) intensive observation period (IOP) data to refine a cloudiness parameterization, as proposed by Xu and Randall (1996a). The cloudiness parameterization uses the large-scale average condensate (cloud water and cloud ice) mixing ratio as the primary predictor. The large-scale relative humidity and cumulus mass flux...

Introduction Hodge and Mitchell (1998) demonstrated that atmospheric humidity and the water content of the resource could afect the interaction between D. melanogaster and D. hydei in single generation laboratory experients. Previously, Arur (1986) had shown that the interaction between these two species in continuous cultue could be affected by the amount of resource, the mechanism of this eff...

In the near infrared and visible bandpass, optical propagation theory conventionally assumes that humidity does not contribute to the effects of atmospheric turbulence on optical beams. While this assumption may be reasonable for dry locations, we demonstrate in this paper that there is an unequivocal effect due to the presence of humidity upon the strength of turbulence parameter, C n, from da...

contrasts stronger, which enhances sea breeze circulations. Together, they increase near-surface moisture flux convergence and favour convective processes leading to an overall increase of precipitation over urban areas. The diurnal cycle of these effects is reflected in the atmospheric footprint of cities on variables such as humidity and cloud mixing ratio and accompanies changes in precipita...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the onset of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in Hong Kong. DESIGN Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. SETTING University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS A total of 135 consecutive patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage presenting to the hospital within 48 hours after ictus from O...