A simple soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer (SVAT) model designed for scaling applications and remote sensing utilization will be presented. The study is part of the Semi-Arid Land Surface Atmosphere (SALSA) program. The model is built with a single-bucket and single-source representation with a bulk surface of mixed vegetation and soil cover and a single soil reservoir. Classical atmospheric ...

Ageostrophic baroclinic instabilities develop within the surface mixed layer of the ocean at horizontal fronts and efficiently restratify the upper ocean. In this paper a parameterization for the restratification driven by finiteamplitude baroclinic instabilities of the mixed layer is proposed in terms of an overturning streamfunction that tilts isopycnals from the vertical to the horizontal. T...

Ageostrophic baroclinic instabilities develop within the surface mixed layer of the ocean at horizontal fronts and efficiently restratify the upper ocean. In this paper a parameterization for the restratification driven by finite-amplitude baroclinic instabilities of the mixed layer is proposed in terms of an overturning streamfunction that tilts isopycnals from the vertical to the horizontal. ...

The influence of oceanic Ekman heat transport (Qek) on air–sea variability associated with ENSO teleconnections is examined via a pair of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments. In the mixed layer model (MLM) experiment, observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the years 1950–99 are specified over the tropical Pacific, while a grid of mixed layer models is coupled to the A...

The influence of cloud radiative feedback, remote ENSO heat flux forcing, and oceanic entrainment on persisting North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is investigated using a stochastically forced ocean mixed layer model. The stochastic heat flux is estimated from an atmospheric general circulation model, the seasonally varying radiative feedback parameter and remote ENSO forcing...

What determines the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in different aquatic environments remains an open question. To address this question, we develop a model to explore how phytoplankton respond through growth and movement to opposing resource gradients and different mixing conditions. We assume stratification creates a well-mixed surface layer on top of a poorly mixed deep layer and nutr...

Observations of boundary layer, mixed-phase and multi-layer Arctic clouds with different lidar systems during ASTAR 2007 A. Lampert, C. Ritter, A. Hoffmann, J.-F. Gayet, G. Mioche, A. Ehrlich, A. Dörnbrack, M. Wendisch, and M. Shiobara Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique UMR 6016 CNRS/Université Blaise Pascal, Franc...

The objective of this report is to document progress since IWTC-V in this thematic area from experimental, observational, empirical, theoretical, and numerical perspectives. The report begins by describing progress in upper-ocean processes that include the oceanic mixed layer (OML) and the thermocline. This section is followed by a discussion of the air-sea interface that includes surface winds...

It has become increasingly clear that air-sea coupling is important to the earth's weather and climate [e.g., Grotzner et al. 1998, Xu et al. 1998]. The oceanic surface mixed layer is the link by which the air and sea are coupled. Further, the form and strength of the mixing motion are important to important concerns such as the fluxes of gases and nutrients and the growth and health of marine ...