Similarity of compound chemical structures often leads to close pharmacological profiles, including binding to the same protein targets. The opposite, however, is not always true, as distinct chemical scaffolds can exhibit similar pharmacology as well. Therefore, relying on chemical similarity to known binders in search for novel chemicals targeting the same protein artificially narrows down th...

Porous silicon samples were prepared by electrochemical etching method for different etching times. The structural properties of porous silicon (PS) samples were determined from the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements. The surface mean root square roughness (σ rms) changes as function of porosity were studied, and the influence of etching time on porosity and roughness was studied too. U...

Porous silicon samples were prepared by electrochemical etching method for different etching times. The structural properties of porous silicon (PS) samples were determined from the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements. The surface mean root square roughness (σ rms) changes as function of porosity were studied, and the influence of etching time on porosity and roughness was studied too. U...

We present proofs, based on the Shapley-Folkman theorem, of the convexity of the range of a strongly continuous, finitely additive measure, as well as that of an atomless, countably additive measure. We also present proofs, based on diagonalization and separation arguments respectively, of the closure of the range of a purely atomic or purely nonatomic countably additive measure. A combination ...

Dirac measure is an important measure in many related branches to mathematics. The current paper characterizes measure-preserving transformations between two Dirac measure spaces or a Dirac measure space and a probability measure space. Also, it studies isomorphic Dirac measure spaces, equivalence Dirac measure algebras, and conjugate of Dirac measure spaces. The equivalence classes of a Dirac ...

Abstract. In this article, we define the transport dimension of probability measures on Rm using ramified optimal transportation theory. We show that the transport dimension of a probability measure is bounded above by the Minkowski dimension and below by the Hausdorff dimension of the measure. Moreover, we introduce a metric, called “the dimensional distance,” on the space of probability measu...

We propose a direct measure of tripartite quantum correlation in an arbitrary symmetric pure state N correlated two-level atoms (qubits). compute the third-order moments collective pseudo-spin operators terms individual atomic assembly and find that all bipartite among cancel out leaving only possible them. observe are made up solely correlations atoms. This helps to extract quantification thes...

Interferometers using atoms rather than light can measure acceleration and rotation to high precision. Because atoms are slower than light, atom interferometers have the potential to reach greater inertial sensitivity than their optical counterparts. However, one of the main limitations in atomic interferometry has been discriminating the different contributions to the interference signal. Brig...

We present a solid-state laser system that generates over 200 mW of continuous-wave, narrowband light, tunable from 316.3 nm - 317.7 nm and 318.0 nm - 319.3 nm. The laser is based on commercially available fiber amplifiers and optical frequency doubling technology, along with sum frequency generation in a periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate crystal. The laser frequency is stabil...