Due to variations in serotypes among different strains of avian infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV), vaccination of chicks with imported vaccines fails to protect them from IBV infections in Taiwan. Therefore, we develop attenuated vaccines from local strains in Taiwan. A Taiwan Group I (TW I) strain was passaged 74 times through specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs, and then t...

Measles is an important childhood disease and an acute viral infection, which is very contagious and recovery from it is the rule. But serious complications of the respiratory and central nervous system may occur. Measles can be prevented with live, attenuated vaccine. In our country (Iran), despite the use of vaccine since 1976, we are still having local epidemics especially in the children ag...

H2N2 Influenza A caused the Asian flu pandemic in 1957, circulated for more than 10 years and disappeared from the human population after 1968. Given that people born after 1968 are naïve to H2N2, that the virus still circulates in wild birds and that this influenza subtype has a proven pandemic track record, H2N2 is regarded as a potential pandemic threat. To prepare for an H2N2 pandemic, here...

Stability of attenuating mutations is an important premise for live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). The presence of multiple mutations in internal gene segments of live attenuated viruses contributes to the stability of their genomes and consistent phenotypic properties. This study describes the evaluation of results of clinical isolates obtained in Phase I clinical trials of three Russian...

Because of the live viral backbone of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), questions have arisen regarding infection control precautions and restrictions surrounding its use in healthcare personnel (HCP). This document provides guidance from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America regarding use of LAIV in HCP and the infection control precautions that are recommended with its us...

A new tripodal ligand has been designed by coupling pyridyldicarbonyl binding strands with a triazatriangulenium platform (TATA). The complexation reaction with europium provides a C(3)-symmetrical mononuclear compound that is characterized with NMR, ESMS and qualitatively with single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In addition, photophysical studies of this dual emissive system have been perfor...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the probability and duration of viral shedding among adults given trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). DESIGN Prospective surveillance study. METHODS Nasal wash samples were collected from adult volunteers at baseline and on days 3, 7, and 10 and between days 17 and 21 following intranasal LAIV vaccination. The presence, titer, and identification of ...

With the exception of the live attenuated influenza vaccine there have been no substantial changes in influenza vaccine strategies since the 1940's. Here we report an alternative vaccine approach that uses Adenovirus-vectored centralized hemagglutinin (HA) genes as vaccine antigens. Consensus H1-Con, H3-Con and H5-Con HA genes were computationally derived. Mice were immunized with Ad vaccines e...

Since 2003 (US) and 2012 (Europe) the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been used as an alternative to the traditional inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV). The immune responses elicted by LAIV mimic natural infection and have been found to provide broader clinical protection in children compared to the IIVs. However, our knowledge of the detailed immunological mechanisims induced by...

PURPOSE To develop the infrastructure to conduct timely active surveillance for safety of influenza vaccines and other medical countermeasures in the Sentinel System (formerly the Mini-Sentinel Pilot), a Food and Drug Administration-sponsored national surveillance system that typically relies on data that are mature, settled, and updated quarterly. METHODS Three Data Partners provided their e...