Psolus murrayi Théel, 1886 was one of the multiple species described from specimens collected by HMS Challenger Expedition. This placed in , genus with dorsal scales. Among holothuroids, there are some taxa that have a dense presence ossicles, which gives them psolid-like appearance. From different ossicles and absence scales on side, we here redescribe now, known as Echinopsolus (Théel, 1886) ...

The sclera is the protective outer layer of the eye. In fishes, birds, and reptiles, the sclera may be reinforced with additional bony elements called scleral ossicles. Teleost fish vary in the number and size of scleral ossicles; however, the genetic mechanisms responsible for this variation remain poorly understood. In this study, we examine the inheritance of scleral ossicles in the Mexican ...

Sensor evolution research typically uses evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to generate sensors that nearoptimally satisfy large numbers of constraints. This is qualitatively different from the phylogenetic process found in nature that has resulted, for example, in the mammalian auditory ossicles evolving from the jaw bones of amphibians and reptiles, that in turn had previously acted as gill arches...

The top panel of Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the normal peripheral auditory system. The ear canal and ossicles (small bones) of the middle ear transmit acoustic signals to the cochlea where they produce a travelling wave moving from base to apex along the basilar membrane. Displacement of a segment of the basilar membrane increases the likelihood that the nerve fibers innervating hair...

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The ossicular chain has been known for 500 years and yet there are a small number of morphometrical studies. We reviewed the whole literature that is available online regarding the human ossicular chain from an anatomist perspective and correlated the data from all the papers that showed any relevance. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed a priori. A thorough description of all ossic...

The current study presents volumetric reconstruction of the tympanic cavity obtained from micro-CT scans which pixel size was 18 μm. Thanks to this, osseous components of the tympanic cavity were shown in high optical resolution, causing that their morphological appearance was clearly demonstrated. Particular attention was paid on imaging the medial wall of the tympanic cavity, because its stru...

Otitis media is defined as inflammation of the middle ear, including the auditory ossicles and the Eustachian tube. Otitis media is a major health problem in many societies. The causes of otitis media includes infection and anatomic/physiologic, host, and environmental factors. In general, otitis media is a childhood disease, and anatomic and physiologic changes have great effects on its develo...

To analyze long non-coding RNAs taurine up-regulated gene 1 expression in middle ear cholesteatoma and its correlation with the degree of ossicle destruction. Sixty four patients admitted to our hospital from June 2019 December 2020 were selected as research participants for retrospective analysis. Middle tissue normal skin external auditory canal obtained determine expression. Correlations cli...

Havelockia pegi sp. nov., is here described from shallow waters of the Argentine Sea. This new species is distinctive in the purple colouration of its tentacles, scarcity of body wall ossicles and the presence of rosette-shaped ossicles in both the introvert and the tentacles. It is not closely related to any of its congenors. This is the first record of a true sclerodactylid from Argentina. Th...