The Birdsong System The forebrain pathways for song comprise three or more separate streams of information flow (reviewed by Mar-The ascending auditory system (green, Chicago, Illinois 60637 Figure 1) sends auditory input to HVc and NIf, and perhaps other song system nuclei, via a complex web of interconnections that starts with field L, the primary thal-amorecipient structure. The nuclei Uva, ...

introduction: auditory temporal resolution and auditory temporal ordering are two major components of the auditory temporal processing abilities that contribute to speech perception and language development. auditory temporal resolution and auditory temporal ordering can be evaluated by gap-in-noise (gin) and pitch-pattern-sequence (pps) tests, respectively. in this survey, the effect of biling...

cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor of the internal auditory canal (iac) of which fourteen cases have been reported so far. tinnitus and progressive sensorineural hearing loss (snhl) are the chief complaints of the patients. audiological and radiological planes, ctscan, and magnetic resonance image (mri) studies are helpful in diagnosis. the only choice of treatment is surgery with elec...

mother archetype is one of the most important archetypes in carl gustav jung's theory manifested in literary works both as the character of a real mother or in the form of symbols that indicate maternal aspect. epic is a work derived from the male-dominated society in which the heroic functions and masculine power grabs the attentions always more than the women's presence and role. ho...

the musical symbol is one way of expression among many other ways. it doesn`t directly correspond with meaning or reality. rather, it provides images that are representative of the original. however, symbols goes beyond this and provide deep significant symbolic meanings and visions. mystical poetry has a complex intellectual structure, particularly in arabic and persian literature. hence, musi...

introduction: tinnitus is a perception of sound without external source. for complete assessment of tinnitus, central auditory processing abilities should be considered in addition to the routine psychological evaluation of tinnitus characteristics. temporal processing is one of the important auditory skills that are necessary for complex higher level auditory processing.   materials and method...

background and aim: omega 3 of essential fatty acids, especially in fish oil form plays an important role in structural, functional, and biological aspects in body. omega 3 deficiency can have devastating effects on the nervous system and auditory. this study aimed to evaluate auditory threshold in n-3 fatty acid-deficient rat pups following supplementation of fish oil consumption during the suc...