Compared with traditional thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has less minor trauma, faster recovery, higher patient compliance, but requirements for surgeons. Virtual training simulation systems are important and have been widely used in Europe America. Augmented reality (AR) surgical significantly improve the effect of virtual training, although AR technology is still its...

Methods to support guidance during design of conventional interfaces are not anymore valid for modeling, analyzing and designing virtual and augmented reality systems. Our work addresses this lack focusing on the model and analyze of continuous interaction and ergonomic integrity in augmented reality systems. The methodology explores synchronization and integration characteristics that result f...

In this paper, we investigate relation between weak subdifferential and augmented normal cone. We define augmented normal cone via weak subdifferential and vice versa. The necessary conditions for the global maximum are also stated. We produce preliminary properties of augmented normal cones and discuss them via the distance function. Then we obtain the augmented normal cone for the indicator f...

background and aim:  although there have been substantial developments in dental implant therapies, achieving good implant stability (isq >60) for implants inserted in augmented sinus sites appears to be challenging in comparison with non-augmented sites due to the high prevalence of bone resorption in posterior regions of maxilla. this study aimed to evaluate and compare the time required to a...

There is a growing prevalence of robotic systems for surgical laparoscopy. We previously developed quantitative measures to assess robotic surgical proficiency, and used augmented feedback to enhance training to reduce applied grip force and increase speed. However, there is also a need to understand the physiological demands of the surgeon during robotic surgery, and if training can reduce the...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of bone cement-augmented short segment fixation using percutaneous screws for thoracolumbar burst fractures in a background of severe osteoporosis. METHODS Sixteen patients with a single-level thoracolumbar burst fracture (T11-L2) accompanying severe osteoporosis treated from January 2008 to November 2009 were prospectively ana...

Since the introduction of computer aided surgery, many visualisation techniques for intraoperative navigation have been proposed. Systems employing multi planar reconstruction for the visualisation of volumetric imaging data are commercially available and frequently used. In these systems, three-dimensional biomedical data is generally displayed on a two-dimensional computer monitor as orthogon...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of 3-dimensional (3D) virtual neck exploration (VNE) as a modality for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism and assess the feasibility of using augmented reality to guide parathyroidectomy as a step toward minimally invasive imageguided surgery. DESIGN Enhanced 3D rendering methods can be used to transform compu...

We report the effects of unilateral recession-resection surgery of the horizontal recti muscles with inferior displacement and augmented anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle with a posterior intermuscular suture in a patient with large exotropia and considerable hypertropia.

abstract the main purpose of this paper is to obtain the optimal amount of expenses of government relating to the protection of property rights (pprs). to achieve these purposes we have introduced concept of social intelligence with respect to pprs and then developed different growth model from existing literature. in the second step the optimal share of government spending on the pprs is calcu...